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PYC4805 - Assignment 2 Critically discuss the influence of genetic influences (heredity) and the home environment on individual and group differences in intelligence (IQ). Mark 81

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2020/2021 Written for academic year
Institution University Of South Africa (Unisa)
Course PYC4805 - Developmental Psychology (PYC4805)
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Intelligence is one of the most debated topics in psychology because of its complexity. There is a long-standing debate on how nature (heredity) and nurture (environment) influence intelligence and if intelligence tests are biased and inaccurate measures of the mental abilities of certain ethnic minorities. Life experiences like coming from a low-income family, weak or absent prenatal care, family stress, low quality schools and lack of support prevents children from reaching their genetic potential. Children from poor and low SES families do not have the same opportunities as children from a higher SES family. They also do not have the same knowledge and communication skills needed to take the intelligence test. This can give them a bad score on the IQ test, but research has shown that with the help of an adult they understand and do better. The Flynn effect suggests that IQ’s have increased gradually from one generation to the next and studies found that the largest increase was on fluid ability and spatial reasoning tasks. The above-mentioned abilities are culturally fair and is therefore largely genetically based (Berk, 2013). Research studies confirms that both environmental and heredity contribute and influences our intelligence. Intelligence test that are available today can only test a limited range of human cognition, but psychologists and teachers still administer them to school children because it indicates if a student will succeed in the future and identify students that need help. Research studies therefore confirms that intelligence is influenced by the environment and heredity’s interaction with each other.

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Monique Naude

5638171

Assignment 2

624783

6 June 2020



Assignment topic: Critically discuss the influence of genetic influences (heredity) and the home environment
on individual and group differences in intelligence (IQ).

, Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 3
2. Genetics ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Twin studies .............................................................................................................................................. 3
3. Environment .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Shared environmental influences .............................................................................................................. 4
Nonshared environmental influences ........................................................................................................ 4
Adoption studies ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Communication styles ............................................................................................................................... 6
Socioeconomic differences ....................................................................................................................... 6
Cultural influences .................................................................................................................................... 7
Stereotypes and test bias .......................................................................................................................... 7
4. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Bibliography.................................................................................................................................................. 8




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Laura Berk Child Development
Publisher: 2015 ISBN: 9780205878482 Edition: Unknown

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