BIOL 203- MIDTERM 1 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Essential Nutrients - ANSWER- Must be supplied by the diet.
- The body cannot synthesize it.
- 2 categories: macronutrients & micronutrients
Macronutrients - ANSWER- Essential nutrients required in large amounts
- yield energy
- The body breaks the down to get energy
- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
chyme - ANSWERwatery mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice that is
delivered to the small intestine
pyloric sphincter - ANSWERcontrols rate of chyme release into small intestine
Maltose - ANSWERglucose + glucose
Lactose - ANSWERglucose + galactose
Sucrose - ANSWERglucose + fructose
Bran - ANSWERFiber rich outer layer
Endosperm - ANSWERgives nourishment from carbohydrate to the germ
lacteal - ANSWERlymph vessel within each villus
tissue - ANSWERa group of similar cells that perform similar functions
tongue - ANSWERaccessory organ of the digestive system
Arteries - ANSWERcarry blood away from the heart to the capillaries
chemical digestion begins in the - ANSWERmouth
molecule - ANSWER2 or more atoms of the same or different elements joined by
chemical bonds
compound - ANSWERWhen a molecule has 2 or more different elements, we call
them compounds, thus CO2, H2O, & glucose are all compounds
, Micronutrients - ANSWER-Essential nutrients that are needed in smaller amounts
- Do not yield energy
- Vitamins: fat soluble & water soluble
- Minerals
- Vitamin A = very important for cell division
Nutrition - ANSWERThe process by which your body takes in and uses food
Plant nutrition - ANSWER-plants = anchored by roots, absorb nutrients from soil
solution & direct it towards the leaves
- This allows for development of leaf buds and flower buds
Roundworm nutrition - ANSWER- It is a model organism for studying locomotion
- Studies how hormones influence locomotive behavior in C. elegans.
Science of Human Nutrition - ANSWER- study of nutrients & substances in our food
and how our bodies handle them
-Study of food, nutrients within them, their actions inside the human body
- young science, dynamic science
- sister discipline: nutritional genomics
Nutritional Genomics - ANSWERScience of how nutrients affect gene expression
Food as an activity - ANSWERFood and eating is a satisfying activity that we engage
in at least 3 times a day
Feeling of wellness & satisfaction - ANSWERorgans of the digestive system
communicate with the brain & vice versa to offer feelings of wellness and satisfaction
absence of essential nutrients - ANSWER- leads to deficiency disease & eventually
death
- proportion of these essential nutrients is important
Fiber - ANSWERpromotes bowel health, food is quickly and effortlessly eliminated
which reduces risk of colon cancer
phytochemicals - ANSWER- work as antioxidants
- reduce risk of chronic diet related diseases
- compounds in plants currently being studied for their curative purposes
- Ex: flavonoids
Factors that drive food choices - ANSWER-convenience
-advertising
-availability
-economy
-emotional comfort
-social network
-belief
-preference and genetics
ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Essential Nutrients - ANSWER- Must be supplied by the diet.
- The body cannot synthesize it.
- 2 categories: macronutrients & micronutrients
Macronutrients - ANSWER- Essential nutrients required in large amounts
- yield energy
- The body breaks the down to get energy
- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
chyme - ANSWERwatery mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice that is
delivered to the small intestine
pyloric sphincter - ANSWERcontrols rate of chyme release into small intestine
Maltose - ANSWERglucose + glucose
Lactose - ANSWERglucose + galactose
Sucrose - ANSWERglucose + fructose
Bran - ANSWERFiber rich outer layer
Endosperm - ANSWERgives nourishment from carbohydrate to the germ
lacteal - ANSWERlymph vessel within each villus
tissue - ANSWERa group of similar cells that perform similar functions
tongue - ANSWERaccessory organ of the digestive system
Arteries - ANSWERcarry blood away from the heart to the capillaries
chemical digestion begins in the - ANSWERmouth
molecule - ANSWER2 or more atoms of the same or different elements joined by
chemical bonds
compound - ANSWERWhen a molecule has 2 or more different elements, we call
them compounds, thus CO2, H2O, & glucose are all compounds
, Micronutrients - ANSWER-Essential nutrients that are needed in smaller amounts
- Do not yield energy
- Vitamins: fat soluble & water soluble
- Minerals
- Vitamin A = very important for cell division
Nutrition - ANSWERThe process by which your body takes in and uses food
Plant nutrition - ANSWER-plants = anchored by roots, absorb nutrients from soil
solution & direct it towards the leaves
- This allows for development of leaf buds and flower buds
Roundworm nutrition - ANSWER- It is a model organism for studying locomotion
- Studies how hormones influence locomotive behavior in C. elegans.
Science of Human Nutrition - ANSWER- study of nutrients & substances in our food
and how our bodies handle them
-Study of food, nutrients within them, their actions inside the human body
- young science, dynamic science
- sister discipline: nutritional genomics
Nutritional Genomics - ANSWERScience of how nutrients affect gene expression
Food as an activity - ANSWERFood and eating is a satisfying activity that we engage
in at least 3 times a day
Feeling of wellness & satisfaction - ANSWERorgans of the digestive system
communicate with the brain & vice versa to offer feelings of wellness and satisfaction
absence of essential nutrients - ANSWER- leads to deficiency disease & eventually
death
- proportion of these essential nutrients is important
Fiber - ANSWERpromotes bowel health, food is quickly and effortlessly eliminated
which reduces risk of colon cancer
phytochemicals - ANSWER- work as antioxidants
- reduce risk of chronic diet related diseases
- compounds in plants currently being studied for their curative purposes
- Ex: flavonoids
Factors that drive food choices - ANSWER-convenience
-advertising
-availability
-economy
-emotional comfort
-social network
-belief
-preference and genetics
