NR 601 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)
Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep
Questions With 100% Correct & Verified Answers|
Grade A
1. What are the 3 primary physiological changes of aging?
- ANSWER: 1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems, esp.
cardiac, resp, renal.
Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust
regulatory systems (i.e. temp control, fluid/lyte balance,
etc.).
Impaired immunological function (infection risk is greater,
autoimmune diseases more prevalent)
2. What is the preferred amount of exercise for elderly?
- ANSWER: 30min/day 5 days/week of moderate exercise.
If trying to lose weight: 60min/day.
3. What are PFTs? - ANSWER: Group of tests that provide quantifiable
measurement of lung function, used to dx resp abnormalities or assess
progression/resolution of lung dz.
4. What is FEV1? - ANSWER: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (80-120%)
5. What is FVC? - ANSWER: Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)
6. What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? - ANSWER: <0.7 (70%)
7. What is GOLD 1 criteria? - ANSWER: Mild
FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
8. What is GOLD 2 criteria? - ANSWER: Moderate
FEV1 50-79% predicted
9. What is GOLD 3 criteria? - ANSWER: Severe
FEV1 30-49% predicted
#$%^&*
10. What is GOLD 4 criteria? - ANSWER: Very severe
&^%$#$
FEV1 <30% predicted
%^&*&^
11. What are the signal symptoms of COPD? %$%^&*
- ANSWER: Dyspnea (&^%$%
^&*&^%
$#$%^&
*&^%$%
^&*&^%
$%^&*&
,NR 601 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)
Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep
Questions With 100% Correct & Verified Answers|
Grade A
Chronic cough w/sputum
Decreased activity tolerance
Wheezing
12. What are characteristics of COPD?
- ANSWER: Common, preventable, treatable.
Characterized by persistent airflow limitation.
Usually progressive, associated with enhanced chronic
inflammatory response in airways and lungs to noxious
particles/gases
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased
airway resistance, small airway dz.
Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
13. What are risk factors for COPD?
- ANSWER: Smoking (increasing w/number of pack years)
Second hand smoke
Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)
14. What is seen on Phys exam in COPD?
- ANSWER: May be normal in early states
As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased breath sounds, wheezes
at bases, distant heart tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds off in
distance), accessory muscle use, pursed lip breathing, increased expiratory
phase, neck vein distention.
15. How is COPD diagnosed?
- ANSWER: Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post bronchodilator).
Irreversible airflow limitation is hallmark.
#$%^&*
16. How is COPD treated? - ANSWER: Bronchodilators: beta agonists &^%$#$
(long/short), anticholinergics (long/short), or combo.
%^&*&^
17. What is the MOA of beta agonists? - ANSWER: Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic %$%^&*
receptors, increasing cyclic AMP, resulting in relaxing airways. (&^%$%
^&*&^%
$#$%^&
*&^%$%
^&*&^%
$%^&*&
,NR 601 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)
Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep
Questions With 100% Correct & Verified Answers|
Grade A
18. What is the MOA of anticholinergics? - ANSWER: Block the effect of
acetylcholine on muscarinic type 3 receptors, resulting in bronchodilation.
19. Why are long-acting beta agonists prescribed for COPD?
- ANSWER: They are for moderate airflow limitation.
They relieve symptoms, increase exercise tolerance, reduce number of
exacerbations, improve QOL.
20. What are some non pulmonary diagnoses that result in COPD-type symptoms?
- ANSWER: CHF
Hyperventilation syndrome
Panic attacks
Vocal cord dysfunction
Obstructive sleep apnea
Aspergillosis
Chronic fatigue syndrome
21. What are signal symptoms of asthma?
- ANSWER: Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Cough (esp. at night)
Chest tightness
22. What is chronic bronchitis?
- ANSWER: Daily chronic cough w/increased sputum for at least 3 consecutive
months in at least 2 consecutive years.
Usually worse on wakening.
May or may not be associated with COPD.
23. What is emphysema? - ANSWER: Characterized by obstruction to airflow
caused by abnormal airspace enlargement distal to terminal bronchioles. #$%^&*
&^%$#$
Chronic inflammation/remodeling, trapping air, hindering effective O2/CO2 %^&*&^
exchange (all due to inflammatory mediators infiltrating airways).
%$%^&*
24. What are signal symptoms of ischemic heart disease? (&^%$%
^&*&^%
$#$%^&
*&^%$%
^&*&^%
$%^&*&
, NR 601 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)
Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep
Questions With 100% Correct & Verified Answers|
Grade A
- ANSWER: Chest pain
Chest tightness
Chest discomfort
25. What is ischemic heart disease? - ANSWER: Imbalance between supply and
demand for blood flow to myocardium
26. What are signal symptoms of lung CA?
- ANSWER: Cough
Dyspnea
weight loss
Anorexia
Hemoptysis
27. What is lung CA? - ANSWER: Malignant neoplasm originating in parenchyma
of lung/airways
28. What are signal symptoms of MI?
- ANSWER: Prolonged CP (>20min duration)
SOB
Confusion
Weakness
Worsening HF
29. What is an MI? - ANSWER: Necrosis of heart tissue caused by lack of blood
and O2 supply to the heart
30. What are signal symptoms of pneumonia?
- ANSWER: Fever
Chills
Hypothermia
New cough w/or w/out sputum
Chest discomfort or dyspnea
Fatigue
HA #$%^&*
Some older adults will be asymptomatic but may experience &^%$#$
falls/confusion %^&*&^
%$%^&*
31. What is community acquired pneumonia?
(&^%$%
- ANSWER: Acute lower resp tract infection of lung parenchyma.
^&*&^%
$#$%^&
*&^%$%
^&*&^%
$%^&*&
Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep
Questions With 100% Correct & Verified Answers|
Grade A
1. What are the 3 primary physiological changes of aging?
- ANSWER: 1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems, esp.
cardiac, resp, renal.
Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust
regulatory systems (i.e. temp control, fluid/lyte balance,
etc.).
Impaired immunological function (infection risk is greater,
autoimmune diseases more prevalent)
2. What is the preferred amount of exercise for elderly?
- ANSWER: 30min/day 5 days/week of moderate exercise.
If trying to lose weight: 60min/day.
3. What are PFTs? - ANSWER: Group of tests that provide quantifiable
measurement of lung function, used to dx resp abnormalities or assess
progression/resolution of lung dz.
4. What is FEV1? - ANSWER: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (80-120%)
5. What is FVC? - ANSWER: Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)
6. What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? - ANSWER: <0.7 (70%)
7. What is GOLD 1 criteria? - ANSWER: Mild
FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
8. What is GOLD 2 criteria? - ANSWER: Moderate
FEV1 50-79% predicted
9. What is GOLD 3 criteria? - ANSWER: Severe
FEV1 30-49% predicted
#$%^&*
10. What is GOLD 4 criteria? - ANSWER: Very severe
&^%$#$
FEV1 <30% predicted
%^&*&^
11. What are the signal symptoms of COPD? %$%^&*
- ANSWER: Dyspnea (&^%$%
^&*&^%
$#$%^&
*&^%$%
^&*&^%
$%^&*&
,NR 601 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)
Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep
Questions With 100% Correct & Verified Answers|
Grade A
Chronic cough w/sputum
Decreased activity tolerance
Wheezing
12. What are characteristics of COPD?
- ANSWER: Common, preventable, treatable.
Characterized by persistent airflow limitation.
Usually progressive, associated with enhanced chronic
inflammatory response in airways and lungs to noxious
particles/gases
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased
airway resistance, small airway dz.
Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
13. What are risk factors for COPD?
- ANSWER: Smoking (increasing w/number of pack years)
Second hand smoke
Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)
14. What is seen on Phys exam in COPD?
- ANSWER: May be normal in early states
As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased breath sounds, wheezes
at bases, distant heart tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds off in
distance), accessory muscle use, pursed lip breathing, increased expiratory
phase, neck vein distention.
15. How is COPD diagnosed?
- ANSWER: Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post bronchodilator).
Irreversible airflow limitation is hallmark.
#$%^&*
16. How is COPD treated? - ANSWER: Bronchodilators: beta agonists &^%$#$
(long/short), anticholinergics (long/short), or combo.
%^&*&^
17. What is the MOA of beta agonists? - ANSWER: Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic %$%^&*
receptors, increasing cyclic AMP, resulting in relaxing airways. (&^%$%
^&*&^%
$#$%^&
*&^%$%
^&*&^%
$%^&*&
,NR 601 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)
Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep
Questions With 100% Correct & Verified Answers|
Grade A
18. What is the MOA of anticholinergics? - ANSWER: Block the effect of
acetylcholine on muscarinic type 3 receptors, resulting in bronchodilation.
19. Why are long-acting beta agonists prescribed for COPD?
- ANSWER: They are for moderate airflow limitation.
They relieve symptoms, increase exercise tolerance, reduce number of
exacerbations, improve QOL.
20. What are some non pulmonary diagnoses that result in COPD-type symptoms?
- ANSWER: CHF
Hyperventilation syndrome
Panic attacks
Vocal cord dysfunction
Obstructive sleep apnea
Aspergillosis
Chronic fatigue syndrome
21. What are signal symptoms of asthma?
- ANSWER: Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Cough (esp. at night)
Chest tightness
22. What is chronic bronchitis?
- ANSWER: Daily chronic cough w/increased sputum for at least 3 consecutive
months in at least 2 consecutive years.
Usually worse on wakening.
May or may not be associated with COPD.
23. What is emphysema? - ANSWER: Characterized by obstruction to airflow
caused by abnormal airspace enlargement distal to terminal bronchioles. #$%^&*
&^%$#$
Chronic inflammation/remodeling, trapping air, hindering effective O2/CO2 %^&*&^
exchange (all due to inflammatory mediators infiltrating airways).
%$%^&*
24. What are signal symptoms of ischemic heart disease? (&^%$%
^&*&^%
$#$%^&
*&^%$%
^&*&^%
$%^&*&
, NR 601 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update)
Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep
Questions With 100% Correct & Verified Answers|
Grade A
- ANSWER: Chest pain
Chest tightness
Chest discomfort
25. What is ischemic heart disease? - ANSWER: Imbalance between supply and
demand for blood flow to myocardium
26. What are signal symptoms of lung CA?
- ANSWER: Cough
Dyspnea
weight loss
Anorexia
Hemoptysis
27. What is lung CA? - ANSWER: Malignant neoplasm originating in parenchyma
of lung/airways
28. What are signal symptoms of MI?
- ANSWER: Prolonged CP (>20min duration)
SOB
Confusion
Weakness
Worsening HF
29. What is an MI? - ANSWER: Necrosis of heart tissue caused by lack of blood
and O2 supply to the heart
30. What are signal symptoms of pneumonia?
- ANSWER: Fever
Chills
Hypothermia
New cough w/or w/out sputum
Chest discomfort or dyspnea
Fatigue
HA #$%^&*
Some older adults will be asymptomatic but may experience &^%$#$
falls/confusion %^&*&^
%$%^&*
31. What is community acquired pneumonia?
(&^%$%
- ANSWER: Acute lower resp tract infection of lung parenchyma.
^&*&^%
$#$%^&
*&^%$%
^&*&^%
$%^&*&
