ESTUDYR
BIOL-101 LECTURE EXAM ONE MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH
RATIONALES
1. Which best defines biology?
A. The study of nonliving minerals
B. The study of chemical reactions only
C. The study of living organisms, their interactions, and their environments
D. The study of outer space
Rationale: Biology concerns living things and how they interact with each other and
with abiotic factors.
2. Cell structure primarily supports cell what?
A. Growth only
B. Reproduction only
C. Function
D. Coloration
Rationale: Organelles and membrane organization allow cells to perform necessary
functions.
3. A gene is best described as:
A. A type of protein
B. An organelle in the cell
C. A unit of heredity transferred from parent to offspring that influences a trait
D. A carbohydrate molecule
Rationale: Genes are DNA segments that encode traits; offspring inherit them from
parents.
4. Arrange smallest → largest: Organism, Population, Community. Which is correct?
A. Community → Population → Organism
B. Organism → Population → Community
C. Population → Organism → Community
D. Population → Community → Organism
Rationale: An organism is one individual; a population is many of one species; a
community is many species.
5. Which term correctly labels living things such as trees and humans?
A. Abiotic
B. Biotic
C. Mineral
D. Inert
Rationale: Biotic = living organisms.
6. Rocks and sunlight are examples of:
A. Biotic factors
B. Producers
, ESTUDYR
C. Abiotic factors
D. Heterotrophs
Rationale: Abiotic = nonliving environmental components.
7. An autotroph (producer) is an organism that:
A. Eats other animals for energy
B. Makes its own food using light or chemical energy
C. Only lives in deserts
D. Cannot photosynthesize
Rationale: Autotrophs (plants, some bacteria) synthesize organic molecules from
inorganic sources.
8. Which is an example of an autotroph?
A. Human
B. Mushroom
C. Green plant
D. Earthworm
Rationale: Plants produce sugars via photosynthesis, making them autotrophs.
9. Which are the reactants of photosynthesis?
A. Glucose + O₂
B. CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight
C. ATP + NADH
D. O₂ + H₂O
Rationale: Photosynthesis converts CO₂ and H₂O into glucose and O₂ using light energy.
10. Which organelle is essential for photosynthesis?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Chloroplast
D. Lysosome
Rationale: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and the machinery for light capture and
sugar production.
11. Which is an example of a heterotroph (consumer)?
A. Oak tree
B. Algae
C. Human
D. Cyanobacteria
Rationale: Heterotrophs obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers.
12. Which correctly orders consumer levels from primary → tertiary?
A. Tertiary → Secondary → Primary
B. Primary herbivores → Secondary carnivores/omnivores → Tertiary top predators
C. Producers → Consumers → Decomposers
D. Omnivores → Herbivores → Carnivores
Rationale: Primary consumers eat producers; secondary eat primary; tertiary eat
secondary.
13. What are the main reactants and products of aerobic cellular respiration?
A. Reactants: CO₂ + H₂O; Products: Glucose + O₂
BIOL-101 LECTURE EXAM ONE MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH
RATIONALES
1. Which best defines biology?
A. The study of nonliving minerals
B. The study of chemical reactions only
C. The study of living organisms, their interactions, and their environments
D. The study of outer space
Rationale: Biology concerns living things and how they interact with each other and
with abiotic factors.
2. Cell structure primarily supports cell what?
A. Growth only
B. Reproduction only
C. Function
D. Coloration
Rationale: Organelles and membrane organization allow cells to perform necessary
functions.
3. A gene is best described as:
A. A type of protein
B. An organelle in the cell
C. A unit of heredity transferred from parent to offspring that influences a trait
D. A carbohydrate molecule
Rationale: Genes are DNA segments that encode traits; offspring inherit them from
parents.
4. Arrange smallest → largest: Organism, Population, Community. Which is correct?
A. Community → Population → Organism
B. Organism → Population → Community
C. Population → Organism → Community
D. Population → Community → Organism
Rationale: An organism is one individual; a population is many of one species; a
community is many species.
5. Which term correctly labels living things such as trees and humans?
A. Abiotic
B. Biotic
C. Mineral
D. Inert
Rationale: Biotic = living organisms.
6. Rocks and sunlight are examples of:
A. Biotic factors
B. Producers
, ESTUDYR
C. Abiotic factors
D. Heterotrophs
Rationale: Abiotic = nonliving environmental components.
7. An autotroph (producer) is an organism that:
A. Eats other animals for energy
B. Makes its own food using light or chemical energy
C. Only lives in deserts
D. Cannot photosynthesize
Rationale: Autotrophs (plants, some bacteria) synthesize organic molecules from
inorganic sources.
8. Which is an example of an autotroph?
A. Human
B. Mushroom
C. Green plant
D. Earthworm
Rationale: Plants produce sugars via photosynthesis, making them autotrophs.
9. Which are the reactants of photosynthesis?
A. Glucose + O₂
B. CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight
C. ATP + NADH
D. O₂ + H₂O
Rationale: Photosynthesis converts CO₂ and H₂O into glucose and O₂ using light energy.
10. Which organelle is essential for photosynthesis?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Chloroplast
D. Lysosome
Rationale: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and the machinery for light capture and
sugar production.
11. Which is an example of a heterotroph (consumer)?
A. Oak tree
B. Algae
C. Human
D. Cyanobacteria
Rationale: Heterotrophs obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers.
12. Which correctly orders consumer levels from primary → tertiary?
A. Tertiary → Secondary → Primary
B. Primary herbivores → Secondary carnivores/omnivores → Tertiary top predators
C. Producers → Consumers → Decomposers
D. Omnivores → Herbivores → Carnivores
Rationale: Primary consumers eat producers; secondary eat primary; tertiary eat
secondary.
13. What are the main reactants and products of aerobic cellular respiration?
A. Reactants: CO₂ + H₂O; Products: Glucose + O₂
