1
1
3,000 BC (New Stone Age)
First inhabitants of the area (England)
Farming, small round boats of wood
and animal skin
Neolithic people Small and dark
Farming replaced hunting and
gathering, settled life, stone tools
2
2
c. 2,400 BC (Bronze Age)
Round-headed people, Indo-European
language
Beaker people Skilled in military, buried in individual
graves, furnished with pottery beakers
Made bronze tools
Semi nomadic herders/farmers
,3
3
After c. 3,000 BC until c. 1,300 BC
Centers of religious, political, and
economic power
Used for gatherings, rituals, and
Henges ceremonies
Stonehenge was the most famous site
(capital)
Influence declined when Hill-forts of the
farming class became dominant
4
4 c. 700 BC (Iron Age)
Tall, fair/red hair, ancestors of many
Europeans
Successful farmers, organised in tribes
The Celts ruled by a warrior class and druids (priests)
Skilled in working iron
Influential culture and society in Europe
during the Iron Age
,5
5 55 BC - 409 AD
55 BC - Julius Caesar arrives in Britain
43 AD - Romans occupy Britain (by Claudius)
122 AD - Hadrian’s Wall is built
Northern limit of Roman control
The Romans 367 AD - Celts of Caledonia resist
Northern tribes attack, Romans struggle
409 AD - Last Romans leave Britain
Significance: Romans introduced roads, towns,
baths, villas, Latin language, laws and trade
network.
6
6 430 AD - 570 AD
430 AD - Germanic tribes begin migrating into
Britain.
Jutes: Kent & southcoast
Germanic tribes Angles: east & north midlands
Saxons: settled in between both
570 AD: They push the Celts west into Wales
Significance: established foundations for
Anglo-Saxon England, influenced language,
culture and local kingdoms
, 7
7
AD 757 - 796
King Offa ruled Mercia, one of the most
powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
King Offa of Witan: King’s council, group of advisers helping
with making decisions on state affairs
Mercia & Witan Advised on laws, taxes, and succession matters
Significance: early example of consultation
ingovernance, influenced later English political
structures.
8
8 c. 410 AD - 1066 AD
Shire Reeve: sheriff - King’s local administrator,
enforced laws and collected taxes
Manor: house/estate where taxes and rents
Anglo-Saxons were paid, center of local economy
Fyrd: local army/militia, called up in times of
war
Aldermen: senior local officers of first lords in
local government. Advised the king and oversaw
regions
1
3,000 BC (New Stone Age)
First inhabitants of the area (England)
Farming, small round boats of wood
and animal skin
Neolithic people Small and dark
Farming replaced hunting and
gathering, settled life, stone tools
2
2
c. 2,400 BC (Bronze Age)
Round-headed people, Indo-European
language
Beaker people Skilled in military, buried in individual
graves, furnished with pottery beakers
Made bronze tools
Semi nomadic herders/farmers
,3
3
After c. 3,000 BC until c. 1,300 BC
Centers of religious, political, and
economic power
Used for gatherings, rituals, and
Henges ceremonies
Stonehenge was the most famous site
(capital)
Influence declined when Hill-forts of the
farming class became dominant
4
4 c. 700 BC (Iron Age)
Tall, fair/red hair, ancestors of many
Europeans
Successful farmers, organised in tribes
The Celts ruled by a warrior class and druids (priests)
Skilled in working iron
Influential culture and society in Europe
during the Iron Age
,5
5 55 BC - 409 AD
55 BC - Julius Caesar arrives in Britain
43 AD - Romans occupy Britain (by Claudius)
122 AD - Hadrian’s Wall is built
Northern limit of Roman control
The Romans 367 AD - Celts of Caledonia resist
Northern tribes attack, Romans struggle
409 AD - Last Romans leave Britain
Significance: Romans introduced roads, towns,
baths, villas, Latin language, laws and trade
network.
6
6 430 AD - 570 AD
430 AD - Germanic tribes begin migrating into
Britain.
Jutes: Kent & southcoast
Germanic tribes Angles: east & north midlands
Saxons: settled in between both
570 AD: They push the Celts west into Wales
Significance: established foundations for
Anglo-Saxon England, influenced language,
culture and local kingdoms
, 7
7
AD 757 - 796
King Offa ruled Mercia, one of the most
powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
King Offa of Witan: King’s council, group of advisers helping
with making decisions on state affairs
Mercia & Witan Advised on laws, taxes, and succession matters
Significance: early example of consultation
ingovernance, influenced later English political
structures.
8
8 c. 410 AD - 1066 AD
Shire Reeve: sheriff - King’s local administrator,
enforced laws and collected taxes
Manor: house/estate where taxes and rents
Anglo-Saxons were paid, center of local economy
Fyrd: local army/militia, called up in times of
war
Aldermen: senior local officers of first lords in
local government. Advised the king and oversaw
regions
