In your own words, explain how synaptic communication by the Dopamine neurotransmitter
works in an individual with a normal functioning system. Discuss the different components
involved by referring to contributing genes and functionality.
Dopamine is synthesized by conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). L-DOPA
is converted to dopamine by Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AAAD) and stored in pre-synaptic
vesicles.
Dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. Signal transduction occurs when the
dopamine binds to the post-synaptic heteroreceptor (DRD4) thus, 'relaying the message'. Dopamine
is then released from the post-synaptic receptors and taken back up by the pre-synaptic Dopamine
Transporter (DAT), and either stored back into the vesicles by Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2
(VMAT2) or degraded by Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB). The initial release of dopamine also
stimulates the pre-synaptic autoreceptors DRD1, providing negative feedback and stopping
exocytosis.
In your own words, explain how synaptic communication by the Dopamine neurotransmitter
works in an individual with an abnormal functioning system. Discuss the different components
involved by referring to contributing genes and functionality.
Dopamine is synthesized by conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). L-DOPA
is converted to dopamine by Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AAAD) and stored in pre-synaptic
vesicles.
In a normal functioning system, Dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. Signal
transduction occurs when the dopamine binds to the post-synaptic heteroreceptor (DRD4) thus,
'relaying the message'. The initial release of dopamine also stimulates the pre-synaptic
autoreceptors DRD1, providing negative feedback and stopping exocytosis.
After the message has been relayed, Dopamine is released from the post-synaptic receptors.
In a system where there is an excess of transporters these two steps do not occur, only the following
steps occur (they also occur in a normal functioning system).
Dopamine is taken back up by the pre-synaptic Dopamine Transporter (DAT), and either stored back
into the vesicles by Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) for reuse or degraded by
Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB).
In your own words, explain how synaptic communication by the Dopamine neurotransmitter
works in an individual with an abnormal functioning + Drug system. Discuss the different
components involved by referring to contributing genes and functionality.
Dopamine is synthesized by conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). L-DOPA
is converted to dopamine by Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AAAD) and stored in pre-synaptic
vesicles.
Dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. Signal transduction occurs when the
dopamine binds to the post-synaptic heteroreceptor (DRD4) thus, 'relaying the message'. Once the
pharmaceutical substance has been removed from the transporters, Dopamine is taken back up by
the pre-synaptic Dopamine Transporter (DAT), and either stored back into the vesicles by Vesicular
works in an individual with a normal functioning system. Discuss the different components
involved by referring to contributing genes and functionality.
Dopamine is synthesized by conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). L-DOPA
is converted to dopamine by Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AAAD) and stored in pre-synaptic
vesicles.
Dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. Signal transduction occurs when the
dopamine binds to the post-synaptic heteroreceptor (DRD4) thus, 'relaying the message'. Dopamine
is then released from the post-synaptic receptors and taken back up by the pre-synaptic Dopamine
Transporter (DAT), and either stored back into the vesicles by Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2
(VMAT2) or degraded by Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB). The initial release of dopamine also
stimulates the pre-synaptic autoreceptors DRD1, providing negative feedback and stopping
exocytosis.
In your own words, explain how synaptic communication by the Dopamine neurotransmitter
works in an individual with an abnormal functioning system. Discuss the different components
involved by referring to contributing genes and functionality.
Dopamine is synthesized by conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). L-DOPA
is converted to dopamine by Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AAAD) and stored in pre-synaptic
vesicles.
In a normal functioning system, Dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. Signal
transduction occurs when the dopamine binds to the post-synaptic heteroreceptor (DRD4) thus,
'relaying the message'. The initial release of dopamine also stimulates the pre-synaptic
autoreceptors DRD1, providing negative feedback and stopping exocytosis.
After the message has been relayed, Dopamine is released from the post-synaptic receptors.
In a system where there is an excess of transporters these two steps do not occur, only the following
steps occur (they also occur in a normal functioning system).
Dopamine is taken back up by the pre-synaptic Dopamine Transporter (DAT), and either stored back
into the vesicles by Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) for reuse or degraded by
Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB).
In your own words, explain how synaptic communication by the Dopamine neurotransmitter
works in an individual with an abnormal functioning + Drug system. Discuss the different
components involved by referring to contributing genes and functionality.
Dopamine is synthesized by conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). L-DOPA
is converted to dopamine by Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AAAD) and stored in pre-synaptic
vesicles.
Dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. Signal transduction occurs when the
dopamine binds to the post-synaptic heteroreceptor (DRD4) thus, 'relaying the message'. Once the
pharmaceutical substance has been removed from the transporters, Dopamine is taken back up by
the pre-synaptic Dopamine Transporter (DAT), and either stored back into the vesicles by Vesicular
