Chem 1212 ACS Study guide with identified
solutions.
Qs
Aufbau Principle - n
ANS✔
when building up the electron configuration of an atom, electrons are placed in
orbitals, subshells, and shells in order of increasing energy
Qs
Pauli Exclusion Principle - n
ANS✔
states that within an atom, no two electrons can have the same set of quantum
numbers; each has their own distinct set
Qs
Hund's Rule - n
ANS✔
says that when an electrons is added to a subshell, it will always occupy an empty
orbital if one is available; electrons always occupy orbitals singly if possible and pair
up only if no empty orbitals are available
Qs
Diamagnetism - n
ANS✔
elements that have all of their electrons spin paired; have all of their subshells
completed; ex: helium, beryllium, neon
Qs
Paramagnetism - n
ANS✔
,elements that do not have all of their electrons spin paired; most elements; strongly
affected by magnetic fields
Qs
Quantized - n
ANS✔
electrons can exist only at specific energy levels, separated by specific intervals;
this energy can be found if you know the principal quantum number or shell by the
equation En = -2.178x10^-18 / n^2 joules
Qs
Principal Quantum Number - n
ANS✔
shell of an electron; determines its average distance from the nucleus as well as its
energy; electrons in shells with higher values are farther away from the nucleus and
will have more energy and less stability than electrons in shells with lower values
(n)
Qs
Angular Momentum Quantum Number - n
ANS✔
subshell; describes the shape of an electron's orbital (n-1)
Qs
Shape of s orbitals - n
ANS✔
spherical
Qs
Shape of p orbitals - n
ANS✔
dumbbell
,Qs
Magnetic Quantum Number - n
ANS✔
orbitals; describes the orientation of the orbital in space - whether the path of the
electron lies mostly on the x, y, or z axis of a 3-D grid
Qs
Spin Quantum Number - n
ANS✔
each orbital contains two electrons: one with a positive spin and one with a
negative spin
Qs
When atoms absorb energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation what happens?
-n
ANS✔
The electrons jump to higher energy levels.
Qs
When atoms emit energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation what happens? -
n
ANS✔
The electrons jump to lower energy levels.
Qs
What is the relationship between the change in energy level of an electron and the
electromagnetic radiation absorbed or emitted? - n
ANS✔
ΔE = hv = hc/λ
ΔE = energy change
, h = Planck's constant (6.63 x 10^-34 joule-sec)
v = frequency of the radiation
λ = wavelength of the radiation
c = the speed of light (3.00 x 10^8 m/sec)
Qs
Who was the first to say that there are many different kinds of atoms (elements)? -
n
ANS✔
John Dalton
Qs
Who watched the deflection of charges in a cathode ray tube and put forth the idea
that atoms are composed of positive and negative charges? - n
ANS✔
J. J. Thomson
Qs
Who was able to calculate the charge on an electron by examining the behavior of
charged oil drops in an electric field? - n
ANS✔
Robert Milikan
Qs
Ernest Rutherford's experiment of firing alpha particles at gold foil and observing
how they were scattered led to what conclusion? - n
ANS✔
That all of the positive charge in an atom was concentrated in the center and that
an atom is mostly empty space; an atom has a (+) charged nucleus which contains
most of its mass, and that the tiny (-) charged electrons travel around this nucleus
Qs
solutions.
Qs
Aufbau Principle - n
ANS✔
when building up the electron configuration of an atom, electrons are placed in
orbitals, subshells, and shells in order of increasing energy
Qs
Pauli Exclusion Principle - n
ANS✔
states that within an atom, no two electrons can have the same set of quantum
numbers; each has their own distinct set
Qs
Hund's Rule - n
ANS✔
says that when an electrons is added to a subshell, it will always occupy an empty
orbital if one is available; electrons always occupy orbitals singly if possible and pair
up only if no empty orbitals are available
Qs
Diamagnetism - n
ANS✔
elements that have all of their electrons spin paired; have all of their subshells
completed; ex: helium, beryllium, neon
Qs
Paramagnetism - n
ANS✔
,elements that do not have all of their electrons spin paired; most elements; strongly
affected by magnetic fields
Qs
Quantized - n
ANS✔
electrons can exist only at specific energy levels, separated by specific intervals;
this energy can be found if you know the principal quantum number or shell by the
equation En = -2.178x10^-18 / n^2 joules
Qs
Principal Quantum Number - n
ANS✔
shell of an electron; determines its average distance from the nucleus as well as its
energy; electrons in shells with higher values are farther away from the nucleus and
will have more energy and less stability than electrons in shells with lower values
(n)
Qs
Angular Momentum Quantum Number - n
ANS✔
subshell; describes the shape of an electron's orbital (n-1)
Qs
Shape of s orbitals - n
ANS✔
spherical
Qs
Shape of p orbitals - n
ANS✔
dumbbell
,Qs
Magnetic Quantum Number - n
ANS✔
orbitals; describes the orientation of the orbital in space - whether the path of the
electron lies mostly on the x, y, or z axis of a 3-D grid
Qs
Spin Quantum Number - n
ANS✔
each orbital contains two electrons: one with a positive spin and one with a
negative spin
Qs
When atoms absorb energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation what happens?
-n
ANS✔
The electrons jump to higher energy levels.
Qs
When atoms emit energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation what happens? -
n
ANS✔
The electrons jump to lower energy levels.
Qs
What is the relationship between the change in energy level of an electron and the
electromagnetic radiation absorbed or emitted? - n
ANS✔
ΔE = hv = hc/λ
ΔE = energy change
, h = Planck's constant (6.63 x 10^-34 joule-sec)
v = frequency of the radiation
λ = wavelength of the radiation
c = the speed of light (3.00 x 10^8 m/sec)
Qs
Who was the first to say that there are many different kinds of atoms (elements)? -
n
ANS✔
John Dalton
Qs
Who watched the deflection of charges in a cathode ray tube and put forth the idea
that atoms are composed of positive and negative charges? - n
ANS✔
J. J. Thomson
Qs
Who was able to calculate the charge on an electron by examining the behavior of
charged oil drops in an electric field? - n
ANS✔
Robert Milikan
Qs
Ernest Rutherford's experiment of firing alpha particles at gold foil and observing
how they were scattered led to what conclusion? - n
ANS✔
That all of the positive charge in an atom was concentrated in the center and that
an atom is mostly empty space; an atom has a (+) charged nucleus which contains
most of its mass, and that the tiny (-) charged electrons travel around this nucleus
Qs
