MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Benign |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Normal |cells |growing |in |the |wrong |place |or |at |the |wrong
|time
Benign |Cell |Features |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Harmless
o |Do |not |usually |require |intervention
o |Slow |growing
o |Tight |Adherence
o |Specific |morphology
o |Small |nuclear-to-cytoplasmic |ratio
o |Specific |differentiated |functions
o |Tight |adherence
o |Orderly |growth
o |No |migration
o |Normal |chromosomes
Benign |cell |looks |similar |to |a |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-healthy |cell
Examples |of |Benign |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Skin |Tag
o |Mole
o |Nasal |Polyp
o |Uterine |Fibroids
o |Endometriosis
,Malignant |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-indicates |cancer |and |can |be |harmful |to |normal |body |
tissues |and |result |in |death
Malignant |cell |features |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Large |nucleus
o |Migration
o |Doesn't |stop |and |replicates |(No |contact |inhibition)
o |Loose |adherence
o |Rapid |or |continuous |cell |division
o |Loss |of |cellular |regulation
o |Abnormal |chromosomes |(< |or |> |23)
Seven |warning |signs |of |cancer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |C-Change |in |bowel |or |bladder |
patterns
o |A-A |sore |that |doesn't |heal
o |U-Unusual |bleeding |or |d/c
o. |T-Thickening |or |lump |on |breast |or |elsewhere
o |I-Indigestion |or |difficulty |swallowing
o |O-Obvious |change |in |wart |or |mole
o |N-Nagging |cough |or |hoarseness
Cancer |development |stages |of |malignancy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Initiation
o |Promotion
o |Progression
o |Metastasis
,Initiation |(Stage |of |malignancy) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Normal |cells |are |damaged |and |
irreversible
Promotion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Repeated |exposure>Enhances |growth |of |malignant |cells
Progression |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Increase |in |production |of |malignant |cells
Metastasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cells |move |from |primary |site |to |the |rest |of |the |body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cancer |development
Cancer |classification |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Grading
o |Ploidy
o |Staging
o |TNM
o |Doubling |time |and |mitotic |index
Grading |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Looking |under |microscope |and |determine |level/degree |of |
mutation |of |cancer |cell |from |normal |cells
o |Ex. |1= |No |mutation
o |4= |Severe |mutation
Ploidy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Number |of |chromosomes
Staging |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-How |large |is |the |primary |tumor |and |how |far |has |it |spread
TNM |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |T-Tumor |(How |large |is |primary |or |2nd)
, o |N- |Node |(Are |regional |lymph |nodes |invaded |by |cancer |cell)
o |M-Metastasis |(0=None, |1=There |is |metastasis)
Doubling |time |and |mitotic |index |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Period |of |time |required |for |that |
quantity |to |double |in |size |(Tells |how |aggressive |cancer |grows)
o |Stage |1=Localized
o |Stage |4= |Spread |across |the |body
Cancer |prevention |primary |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Sunscreen
o |Avoid |smoking
o |Removal |of |"at |risk" |tissue |(mole)
o |Chemoprevention
o |Vaccine |(HPV)
Cancer |prevention |secondary |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Mammogram
o |Pap |smear
o |Prostate |test
Cancer |prevention |tertiary |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-People |who |are |already |affected |and |
getting |treatment |(examples |below)
o |Chemo
o |Radiation
o |Surgery, |etc.
Types |of |cancers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carcinoma, |sarcoma, |melanoma, |lymphoma, |
leukemia, |blastoma
ANSWERS
Benign |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Normal |cells |growing |in |the |wrong |place |or |at |the |wrong
|time
Benign |Cell |Features |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Harmless
o |Do |not |usually |require |intervention
o |Slow |growing
o |Tight |Adherence
o |Specific |morphology
o |Small |nuclear-to-cytoplasmic |ratio
o |Specific |differentiated |functions
o |Tight |adherence
o |Orderly |growth
o |No |migration
o |Normal |chromosomes
Benign |cell |looks |similar |to |a |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-healthy |cell
Examples |of |Benign |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Skin |Tag
o |Mole
o |Nasal |Polyp
o |Uterine |Fibroids
o |Endometriosis
,Malignant |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-indicates |cancer |and |can |be |harmful |to |normal |body |
tissues |and |result |in |death
Malignant |cell |features |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Large |nucleus
o |Migration
o |Doesn't |stop |and |replicates |(No |contact |inhibition)
o |Loose |adherence
o |Rapid |or |continuous |cell |division
o |Loss |of |cellular |regulation
o |Abnormal |chromosomes |(< |or |> |23)
Seven |warning |signs |of |cancer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |C-Change |in |bowel |or |bladder |
patterns
o |A-A |sore |that |doesn't |heal
o |U-Unusual |bleeding |or |d/c
o. |T-Thickening |or |lump |on |breast |or |elsewhere
o |I-Indigestion |or |difficulty |swallowing
o |O-Obvious |change |in |wart |or |mole
o |N-Nagging |cough |or |hoarseness
Cancer |development |stages |of |malignancy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Initiation
o |Promotion
o |Progression
o |Metastasis
,Initiation |(Stage |of |malignancy) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Normal |cells |are |damaged |and |
irreversible
Promotion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Repeated |exposure>Enhances |growth |of |malignant |cells
Progression |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Increase |in |production |of |malignant |cells
Metastasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cells |move |from |primary |site |to |the |rest |of |the |body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cancer |development
Cancer |classification |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Grading
o |Ploidy
o |Staging
o |TNM
o |Doubling |time |and |mitotic |index
Grading |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Looking |under |microscope |and |determine |level/degree |of |
mutation |of |cancer |cell |from |normal |cells
o |Ex. |1= |No |mutation
o |4= |Severe |mutation
Ploidy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Number |of |chromosomes
Staging |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-How |large |is |the |primary |tumor |and |how |far |has |it |spread
TNM |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |T-Tumor |(How |large |is |primary |or |2nd)
, o |N- |Node |(Are |regional |lymph |nodes |invaded |by |cancer |cell)
o |M-Metastasis |(0=None, |1=There |is |metastasis)
Doubling |time |and |mitotic |index |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Period |of |time |required |for |that |
quantity |to |double |in |size |(Tells |how |aggressive |cancer |grows)
o |Stage |1=Localized
o |Stage |4= |Spread |across |the |body
Cancer |prevention |primary |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Sunscreen
o |Avoid |smoking
o |Removal |of |"at |risk" |tissue |(mole)
o |Chemoprevention
o |Vaccine |(HPV)
Cancer |prevention |secondary |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-o |Mammogram
o |Pap |smear
o |Prostate |test
Cancer |prevention |tertiary |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-People |who |are |already |affected |and |
getting |treatment |(examples |below)
o |Chemo
o |Radiation
o |Surgery, |etc.
Types |of |cancers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carcinoma, |sarcoma, |melanoma, |lymphoma, |
leukemia, |blastoma
