PLS2601 ASSIGNMENT 2 2025 (Answer Guide)

PLS2601 ASSIGNMENT 2 2025 (Answer Guide) Question 1: Short Questions 1.1 Difference between Critical Reasoning and Dogma Critical reasoning is the process of examining ideas or claims using logical analysis, reflection, and evidence before accepting them as true. It demands open-mindedness, the willingness to evaluate both supporting and opposing evidence, and the ability to change one’s beliefs if better reasoning emerges (Study Guide, 2022: 6). Dogma, on the other hand, refers to fixed beliefs that are accepted without question, often imposed by authority or tradition. Dogmatic thinking resists criticism and discourages independent evaluation (Ennis, 2016). In summary, critical reasoning promotes intellectual growth and informed decision-making, whereas dogma restricts independent thought and reinforces unchallenged assumptions. 1.2 Value of Critical Reasoning for Me Personally Studying critical reasoning has been transformative for me as a learner and individual. It has trained me to approach academic material with a questioning mindset, rather than accepting information passively. On a personal level, it has improved my decision-making skills by helping me weigh evidence and arguments more carefully before acting (Study Guide, 2022: 7). Beyond academics, I now apply these skills in conversations and problem-solving, which has strengthened my confidence and objectivity. 1.3 What a Conclusion of an Argument Is A conclusion is the final claim in an argument that the premises are intended to support. It is essentially the “end point” of reasoning, expressing what the speaker or writer wants the audience to accept (Study Guide, 2022: 26). For example, in the argument “If it rains, the ground will be wet; it is raining; therefore, the ground