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Grade Assurance
stigmatized people: ANSW ✔✔ -face rejection and avoidance from others;
gaining acceptance is regarded as the chief problem for most stigmatized
people
(Goffman, 1963).
-Stigmatized people also provoke negative emotional reactions in others, such
as tension, uncertainty, or disliking
-Friendships and companionship play a vital role in preserving mental health
and adjustment
Stigma heightens anxiety: ANSW ✔✔ -in others, leading to fewer and poorer
social interactions.
-in oneself, leading to more vigilance about, and less control over, one's
behavior.
Stigma heightens stereotyping: ANSW ✔✔ -from others, leading to more
negative assumptions about, and discrimination of, stigmatized individuals.
-of oneself, leading to avoidance of stereotype-confirming situations and
defensiveness toward majority group persons.
stigma consciousness: ANSW ✔✔ Social consequences of stigma also accrue
from the awareness that one is singled out by others based on an attribute
that is negatively stereotyped (Pinel, 1999)
Stigma controllability: ANSW ✔✔ refers to who caused or is responsible for
the stigmatizing attribute, status, or condition or to what extent it could have
been prevented
, Just world theory: ANSW ✔✔ argues that we have a general need to see the
world—and the people and events in it—as reasonable, orderly, and just
Stigma visibility: ANSW ✔✔ refers to how apparent it is to others and how
difficult it is to conceal from others
stigma peril: ANSW ✔✔ A final dimension of the social consequences of
stigma is the danger that other people associate with a stigmatizing condition
master status attribute: ANSW ✔✔ all of a stigmatized person's other abilities
and qualities will become subordinate to and colored by this
stigma management: ANSW ✔✔ individual strategies for coping with social
stigma
Withdrawal: ANSW ✔✔ -One strategy by which stigmatized individuals may
cope with the negative social implications of stigma—namely, rejection,
strained interactions, and loss of opportunity—is to simply avoid people who
treat them stereotypically.
withdrawal from the nonstigmatized world increase one's acceptance and
social opportunity: ANSW ✔✔ -First, associating with similarly stigmatized
people should afford stigmatized individuals greater acceptance and more
normal social interaction within those in-groups
-Second, stigmatized people may realize greater acceptance and social
opportunity in the nonstigmatized world through social and political activism
For example, the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is a
support and advocacy group for overweight individuals