PYC4809 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 (635198) - DUE 25 September 2025

Task 1: Case study READ THE FOLLOWING CASE STUDY AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW: Case study Karen: Anxiety over choosing for herself Assume the perspective of a Gestalt therapist, and show how you would proceed with Karen, 27-year-old women who is struggling with value conflicts relating to her religion, culture, and sex-role expectations. Here is what she has related to you during the first session. Throughout her life Karen has identified herself as a ‘good Catholic’ who has not questioned much of her upbringing. She has never really seen herself as an independent woman; in many ways she feels like a child, one who is strongly seeking approval and directions from those whom she considers authorities. Karen tells you that in her culture she was taught to respect and honour her parents, teachers, priests, and other elders. Whenever she tries to assert her own will, if it differs from the expectations of any authority figure, she experiences guilt and self-doubt. She went to Catholic schools, including college, and she has followed the morals and teachings of her church very closely. She has not been married, nor has she even had a long-term relationship with a man. Karen has not had sexual intercourse, not because she has not wanted to but because she is afraid that she could not live with herself and her guilt. She feels very restricted by the codes she lives by, and in many ways, she sees them as rigid and unrealistic. Yet she is frightened of breaking away from what she was taught, even though she is seriously questioning much of its validity and is aware that her views on morality are growing more and more divergent from those that she at one time accepted. Basically, Karen asks: ‘What if I am wrong? Who am I to decide what is moral and immoral? I’ve always been taught that morals are clear-cut and do 2 not allow for individual conveniences. I find it difficult to accept many of the teachings of my church, but I’m not able to really leave behind those notions that I don’t accept. What if there is a hell, and I’ll be damned forever if I follow my own path? What if I discover that I “go wild” and thus lose any measure of self-respect. Will I be able to live with my guilt if I don’t follow the morality I’ve been taught?’ Karen is also struggling with the impact of cultural restraints on her view of what it means to be a woman. Generally, she sees herself as being dependent, unassertive, fearful of those in authority, emotionally reserved, socially inhibited, and unable to make decisions about her life. Although she thinks that she would like to be more assertive and would like to feel freer to be herself around people, she is highly selfconscious and ‘hears voices in her head’ that tell her how she should and should not be. She wishes she could be different in some important respects, but she wonders if she is strong enough to swim against what she has learned from her culture, her parents, and her church. Assume that Karen is coming for a series of counselling sessions in a community clinic. You know the above information about her, and what she wants from you is help in sorting out what she really believes about living a moral life versus what she has been told is the moral way to be. She says that she would like to learn how to trust herself and, in essence, have the courage to know her convictions and live by them. At the same time, she feels unable to act on her values, for fear that she will be wrong. Questions 1. What do you see as Karen’s basic conflict? How would you summarise the nature of her struggle? 2. Do you think that in some ways she might be looking to you as another authority figure to tell her that it is all right for her to reject some of the moral codes she was taught and to follow her own? How might you test out this possibility? How could you help her without becoming another source of either approval or disapproval for her? 3. This case raises a number of key issues for you to consider, a few of which are: a. Can you respect her cultural values and at the same time help her make the changes she wants, even if they go against some of her traditions? b. Perhaps the values of her culture specify that women should be somewhat reserved, unassertive, emotionally restrained, and deferential to authority. Would you attempt to help her adjust to these cultural norms, or would you encourage her to live by a new set of standards? c. Would you be able to avoid imposing your own views or values on Karen? In what direction would you encourage her to move, if any? d. What are your views relating to sex-role and gender issues that are apparent in this case? How would your values here affect the interventions you make with Karen? 3 4. Below are some Gestalt techniques that you might consider using with Karen. Check those that you think you would use: _____ Ask her to carry on a dialogue between different parts or sides of a conflict. _____ Suggest that she write an uncensored letter (that she does not mail) to one of her parents, in which she tells them the ways in which she would like to be different than she is expected to be. _____ Invite her to create a dialogue between an assertive woman and an unassertive woman. _____ Ask her to rehearse out loud whatever she is thinking. _____ Ask her to ‘become’ a significant authority and then lecture to ‘Karen’ in an empty chair. _____ Ask her to carry on a fantasy dialogue with her boyfriend and say to him everything that she has not yet told him. _____ Ask her to imagine herself being as wild as possible, along with the worst things that could happen if she were to lose all control. 5. List some other Gestalt-oriented techniques that you might use in your session with Karen. 6. Karen says that she feels very restricted by her morals and sees them as rigid and unrealistic. At the same time, she is frightened of breaking away from what she was taught. Thinking in a Gestalt framework, how might you proceed with helping her sort through her values and clarify them for herself? 7. What are your values as they relate to the issues that Karen has brought up, and how do you think they will affect the way in which you counsel her? Explain. (20) Task 2: Self-reflection exercise Discuss the capacity for self-awareness and the search for meaning as key concepts of existential therapy and also the strengths and shortcomings from a multicultural perspective. How can you apply the existential approach to understanding your own struggles? What specific existential concepts have the most meaning for you? (20) 4 Task 3: Critical evaluation of a Therapeutic Approach Critically evaluate a therapeutic approach of your choice in your prescribed book from the perspective of counselling culturally diverse client populations and what are some of the contributions and the limitations of this approach? (15) Task 4: Create an ethical policy document for your counselling practice Create an ethical framework for your practice that will guide you when dealing with and counselling your clients with regard to ethical decision making and becoming an effective multicultural counsellor.