1
CVS AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 42 MCQS
(3RD YR MBBS PAPER-I)
PATHOLOGY SECTION ON 2025/26
1. A 41-year-old female presents with recurrent severe headaches and
increasing visual problems. Physical examination reveals her blood
pressure to be 220/150. Her symptoms are most likely to be associated
with:
a. Medial calcific sclerosis
b. Arteriosclerosis obliterans
c. Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
d. Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
e. Thromboangiitis obliterans
2. A 30-year-old male smoker presents with gangrene of his extremities.
Which one of the following histologic findings from a biopsy of the blood
vessels supplying this area would be most suggestive of the diagnosis of
Buerger’s disease?
a. Granulomatous inflammation with giant cells
b. Fibrinoid necrosis with overlying thrombosis
c. Focal aneurysmal dilation
d. Fragmentation of neutrophils
e. Thrombosis with microabscesses
3. A factor that stimulates the proliferation of smooth-muscle cells and
also relates to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is
a. Platelet-derived growth factor
b. Transforming growth factor β
c. Interleukin 1
d. Interferon α
e. Tumor necrosis factor
4. A 73-year-old healthy woman who exercises regularly falls down the
stairs and injures her right hip. There is no fracture but the radiograph
reveals calcification of the small muscular arteries lateral to her uterus.
What is the probable vascular lesion which accounts for this calcification?
a. Ulcerative atherosclerosis
b. Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
c. Lymphatic obstruction
d. Arteriolosclerosis
, 2
e. Dystrophic calcification
5. A 48-year-old man with diabetes presents with a history of
progressive pain in both legs for several years. The pain is severe after
walking two blocks or climbing one flight of stairs. Blood pressure is
145/90 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show a serum cholesterol of 320
mg/dl. He neither smokes nor drinks. Bruits are evident upon
auscultation of both femoral arteries. The pathogenesis of intermittent
claudication in this patient is most closely associated with which of the
following risk factors?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Obesity
d. Sedentary lifestyle
e. Systemic hypertension
6. Which of the following is not a cardinal features of Tetralogy of Fallot ?
a. VSD
b. Subpulmonic stenosis
c. Patent foramen ovale
d. Overriding of aorta
e. RV hypertrophy
7. A 67-year-old man presents with sudden left leg pain, absence of
pulses, and a cold limb. His past medical history is significant for
coronary artery disease and a small aortic aneurysm. Which of the
following is most likely responsible for development of a cold limb in this
patient?
a. Acute myocardial infarction
b. Arterial thromboembolism
c. Cardiogenic shock
d. Deep venous thrombosis
e. Ruptured aortic aneurysm
8. The most suitable diagnostic marker of Wegeners Granulomatosis is:
a. RA factor
b. c-ANCA
c. p-ANCA
d. ANA
e. MPO-ANCA
CVS AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 42 MCQS
(3RD YR MBBS PAPER-I)
PATHOLOGY SECTION ON 2025/26
1. A 41-year-old female presents with recurrent severe headaches and
increasing visual problems. Physical examination reveals her blood
pressure to be 220/150. Her symptoms are most likely to be associated
with:
a. Medial calcific sclerosis
b. Arteriosclerosis obliterans
c. Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
d. Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
e. Thromboangiitis obliterans
2. A 30-year-old male smoker presents with gangrene of his extremities.
Which one of the following histologic findings from a biopsy of the blood
vessels supplying this area would be most suggestive of the diagnosis of
Buerger’s disease?
a. Granulomatous inflammation with giant cells
b. Fibrinoid necrosis with overlying thrombosis
c. Focal aneurysmal dilation
d. Fragmentation of neutrophils
e. Thrombosis with microabscesses
3. A factor that stimulates the proliferation of smooth-muscle cells and
also relates to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is
a. Platelet-derived growth factor
b. Transforming growth factor β
c. Interleukin 1
d. Interferon α
e. Tumor necrosis factor
4. A 73-year-old healthy woman who exercises regularly falls down the
stairs and injures her right hip. There is no fracture but the radiograph
reveals calcification of the small muscular arteries lateral to her uterus.
What is the probable vascular lesion which accounts for this calcification?
a. Ulcerative atherosclerosis
b. Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
c. Lymphatic obstruction
d. Arteriolosclerosis
, 2
e. Dystrophic calcification
5. A 48-year-old man with diabetes presents with a history of
progressive pain in both legs for several years. The pain is severe after
walking two blocks or climbing one flight of stairs. Blood pressure is
145/90 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show a serum cholesterol of 320
mg/dl. He neither smokes nor drinks. Bruits are evident upon
auscultation of both femoral arteries. The pathogenesis of intermittent
claudication in this patient is most closely associated with which of the
following risk factors?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Obesity
d. Sedentary lifestyle
e. Systemic hypertension
6. Which of the following is not a cardinal features of Tetralogy of Fallot ?
a. VSD
b. Subpulmonic stenosis
c. Patent foramen ovale
d. Overriding of aorta
e. RV hypertrophy
7. A 67-year-old man presents with sudden left leg pain, absence of
pulses, and a cold limb. His past medical history is significant for
coronary artery disease and a small aortic aneurysm. Which of the
following is most likely responsible for development of a cold limb in this
patient?
a. Acute myocardial infarction
b. Arterial thromboembolism
c. Cardiogenic shock
d. Deep venous thrombosis
e. Ruptured aortic aneurysm
8. The most suitable diagnostic marker of Wegeners Granulomatosis is:
a. RA factor
b. c-ANCA
c. p-ANCA
d. ANA
e. MPO-ANCA
