ARRT Radiography FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <NEWEST VERSION>

ARRT Radiography FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS &lt;NEWEST VERSION&gt; 1. The ASRT document that defines the radiographers role is the A. Standards of Ethics B. Practice Standards C. Standard of Care D. Legal Standards - ANSWER B. Practice Standards 2. Occurrences that can keep a radiography student from meeting ARRT certification requirements include 1. being suspended from a radiography program 2. being dismissed/expelled from a radiography program 3. failing more than one course in his or her radiography program A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2, and 3 - ANSWER C. 1 and 2 only 3. What does PACS stand for? - ANSWER Picture Archiving and Communication System 4. What are the four principal components of a PACS system? - ANSWER 1) Image Acquisition System 2) Display System 3) Network 4) Storage System 5. The term ________ is used to describe the manner in which many computers and devices can be connected to interact with one another. - ANSWER Network 6. ________ is the process of remote transmission and viewing of images. - ANSWER Teleradiology 7. To ensure adaptability between imaging systems, the ACR and NEMA have produced a standard imaging interface format known as ________. - ANSWER DICOM 8. What does DICOM stand for? - ANSWER Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine 9. A great advantage of PACS is ________, which helps to save space in the hospital usually allocated to film storage. - ANSWER Archiving 10. With PACS, a film room is replaced by a ________ or ________ memory device. - ANSWER 1) Magnetic 2) Optical 11. Electronically, images stored in PACS can be recalled from the archival system to any ________ in seconds. - ANSWER Workstation 12. Backup PACS storage is accommodated ________ at a digital data storage vendor. - ANSWER Offsite 13. Offsite PACS backups are needed should the main storage files onsite become ________. - ANSWER Corrupted 14. Ionizing Radiation - ANSWER radiation that is able to remove electrons from an atom through ionization 15. Somatic effects - ANSWER refers to the effects of radiation to the body being irradiated 16. Genetic Effects - ANSWER refers to effects of radiation to a germ cell's genetic code; effects the next generation 17. Primary radiation - ANSWER radiation exiting the x-ray tube 18. Remnant radiation (or Exit Radiation) - ANSWER x-rays the leave the patient and strike the image receptor 19. Attenuation - ANSWER absorption and scatter of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient 20. Heterogenous beam - ANSWER x-ray beam that has photons of many different energies 21. Photoelectric effect - ANSWER absorption of x-ray photons in the body 22. Compton effect - ANSWER scatter of x-ray photons in the body 23. Air kerma - ANSWER unit of exposure 24. Gray - ANSWER unit of absorbed dose 25. Gray(a) - ANSWER unit of radiation absorbed in air 26. Gray(t) - ANSWER unit of radiation absorbed in tissue 27. Sievert - ANSWER unit of effective dose or unit of equivalent dose 28. Becquerel - ANSWER unit of activity 29. Uncontrolled area - ANSWER general public area, like waiting room or stairways 30. Controlled area - ANSWER occupied by people trained in radiation safety and wear radiation badges/monitors 31. X-ray tube leakage may not exceed what? - ANSWER 1mGy(a) per hour at a distance of 1 meter from the housing 32. Minimum lead equivalent for fluoro curtain - ANSWER 0.25mm 33. Minimum lead equivalent for bucky slot shield - ANSWER 0.25mm 34. NAS or NRC-BEIR - ANSWER National Academy of Sciences/National Research Counsel on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation studies biologic effects of ionizing radiation and publishes the data 35. NCRP - ANSWER National Counsel on Radiation Protection publishes radiation protection guidelines for the US 36. NRC - ANSWER Nuclear Regulatory Commission enforces radiation protection standards at the federal level 37. NCRP Report #102 - ANSWER makes recommendations on equipment design and protection regarding lead shielding and fluoro and mobile exposure rates 38. NCRP Report #116 - ANSWER makes recommendations pertaining to risk-benefit analysis of radiation exposure; states genetic and somatic effects need to be kept to a minimum; makes annual dose limits 39. NCRP #160 - ANSWER addresses radiation exposure from all sources to people in the US 40. Effective dose limit - ANSWER upper boundary dose that can be absorbed (either in a single exposure or annually) with negligible risk of genetic or somatic effects to the individual 41. Cumulative effective dose - ANSWER lifetime occupational exposure must not exceed radiographer's age x 10 mSv 42. Equivalent dose - ANSWER equal to the absorbed dose multiplied by the radiation weighting factor 43. Equivalent dose limit - ANSWER upper boundary dose that can be absorbed (either in a single exposure or annually) with negligible risk of deterministic effect 44. Dose Area Product (DAP) - ANSWER total air kerma striking the patient 45. Probabilistic effects (stochastic) - ANSWER randomly occurring effects of radiation; probability is proportional to the dose (increased dose = increased probability) 46. Deterministic Effects - ANSWER radiation effects that become more severe at higher levels of radiation exposure; do not occur below a certain threshold 47. GSD (Genetically Significant Dose) - ANSWER average annual gonadal dose of radiation to individuals of childbearing age; addresses the relationship of gonadal doses to individuals versus an entire population and the overall effects 48. Linear Energy Transfer (LET) - ANSWER amount of energy deposited by radiation per unit length of tissue 49. Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) - ANSWER ability to produce biologic damage; varies with the LET 50. Direct effect - ANSWER occurs when radiation directly strikes DNA in the cellular nucleus 51. Indirect effect - ANSWER occurs when radiation strikes the water molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell 52. Radiolysis of water - ANSWER occurs as radiation energy is deposited in the water of the cell; the result of radiolysis is an ion pair in the cell: a positively charged water molecule (HOH+) and a free electron 53. Mutation - ANSWER erroneous information passed to subsequent generations via cell division 54. Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau - ANSWER ells are most sensitive to radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing 55. Early somatic effects of radiation - ANSWER hematopoietic syndrome; gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome; central nervous system syndrome 56. Late somatic effects of radiation - ANSWER carcinogenesis; cataractogenesis; embryologic effects; thyroid dysfunction; life span shortening 57. Cardinal principles of radiation protection - ANSWER time, distance, shielding 58. What is the best protection against radiation exposure? - ANSWER distance 59. Mean marrow dose - ANSWER average dose to bone marrow 60. Mass - ANSWER the amount of matter in an object; generally considered the same as weight 61. Energy - ANSWER the ability to do work 62. Potential energy - ANSWER energy of position 63. Kinetic energy - ANSWER energy of motion 64. Chemical energy - ANSWER energy from a chemical reaction 65. Electrical energy - ANSWER result of the movement of electrons 66. Thermal energy - ANSWER heat energy resulting from the movement of atoms or molecules 67. Nuclear energy - ANSWER energy from the nucleus of an atom