2025 – DUE 8 August 2025; 100% correct solutions
and explanations.
QUESTION 1
(a) Adjust the cash flows for inflation and identify relevant cash flows
(12 marks)
Step 1: Initial investment (Year 0)
Cost of machinery: R800,000
Installation cost: R200,000
Total Initial Cost (Outflow): R1,000,000 (nominal, Year 0)
Step 2: Annual operating cash flows (Years 1–4)
We are given real cash flows for sales, variable costs, and fixed costs. We must inflate these
values by 4% annually to convert them to nominal terms.
Given:
Annual sales (real): R1,500,000
Variable costs = 60% of sales
Fixed costs = R200,000
Depreciation: R1,000, = R250,000 per year
Tax rate = 27%
Let’s calculate nominal sales and expenses for each year:
Inflatio Variable
Yea Fixed Tax Net Depreciati
n Sales Costs EBIT OCF
r Costs (27%) Income on
Factor (60%)
R1,560,0 R208,00 R166,00 R44,82 R121,18 R371,18
1 1.04 R936,000 R250,000
00 0 0 0 0 0
R1,622,4 R216,32 R182,64 R49,30 R133,33 R383,33
2 1.0816 R973,440 R250,000
00 0 0 3 7 7
R1,687,2 R1,012,3 R224,97 R199,94 R53,98 R145,96 R395,96
3 1.1249 R250,000
96 78 3 5 5 0 0
R1,754,7 R1,052,8 R234,07 R212,84 R57,46 R155,37 R405,37
4 1.1699 R250,000
88 73 2 3 8 5 5