SUPERVISOR AND OPERATOR RAD EXAM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Which of the following occur minutes to hours after exposure to ionizing radiation?
1.) functional damage & morphological changes
2.) Appearance of atypical cells
3.) Cataract formation - Answers - 1 & 2
If the operator stands behind a portable shield, which may allow scattered radiation to
pass around it's edges; total radiation dose reduction would be approximately:
a.) 50%
b.) 75%
c.) 92%
d.) 99% - Answers - 99%
Which of the following are SHORT TERM stepwise effects of radiation exposure?
1.) life-span shortening
2.) primary radiochemical reactions
3.) functional damage of cells
A.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2, and 3 - Answers - C. 2 and 3
To reduce the radiation dose to patients, it is necessary to formulate your radiographic
technique chart so that the kVP is __________ and the mAs is ____________.
a.) high, high
b.) low, low
c.) high, low
d.) low, high - Answers - C.) high kVp, low mAs
Approximately, what % of cases will require minor adjustments to a radiographic
technique chart?
A.) 5
B.) 10-25
c.) 25-50
D.) 75 - Answers - B. 10-25
How should exposure factors be adjusted for a patient with emphysema?
,a.) keep kVP the same, double mAs
b.) keep kVP the same, halve the mAs
c.) increase kVp, keep same mAs
d.) no change is necessary - Answers - b.) keep kVP the same, halve the mAs
An emphysematous patient will need___________ exposure than/an as patient with
pneumonia.
a.) 50% more
b.) 100% more
c.) the same
d.) less - Answers - d.) less
Which of the following are types of fog?
a.) development (chemical) fog
b.) scatter fog
c.) safelight fog
d.) all are types of fog - Answers - d.) all are types of fog
Which of the following is an X-ray equipment and accessory failure?
A.) use of incorrect technical factors
b.) improper film storage
c.) improper use of accessories such as grids, cassettes
d.) failure to communicate clearly to the patient - Answers - b.) improper film storage
19.) Which of the following processing errors causes films to look milky and slowly
darken over time?
a.) oxidized or depleted developer solution
b.) weak fixer solution
c.) cold or non-circulating wash water
d.) above normal developer solution temperature - Answers - b.) weak fixer solution
Which of the following are the result of weak fixer solution?
1.) milky appearance to film
2.) film darkens over time or when re-run through processor
3.) film turns yellow over time
a.) 1 & 2
b.) 1 & 3
c.) 2 & 3
d.) 1, 2, & 3 - Answers - a.) 1 & 2
,There is an interaction that takes place when X-rays hit the intensifying screens.
Limited permit X-ray technicians are excluded from:
A.) taking plain radiographs of the extremities
B.) operating portable or mobile X-ray equipment
C.) taking plain radiographs of the chest
d.) all of the above - Answers - B.) operating portable or mobile X-ray equipment
An example of a radiographic study using natural shielding to decrease radiation to the
ovaries is:
A.) AP T/S
b.) AP pelvis
c.) lateral femur
d.) PA lumbar spine - Answers - d.) PA Lumbar Spine
Which of the following is part of the x-ray tube anode?
1.) positive electrode
2.) negative electrode
3.) target - Answers - 1 and 3.
Which electron interaction with the anode causes x-ray beam to be polygenergetic?
A.) characteristic
b.) Compton
c.) pair production
d.) Bremsstrahlung - Answers - d.) Bremsstrahlung
What happens to the nominal focal spot size as the x-ray tube target (anode)
decreases?
A.) decreases
B.) stays the same
c.) increases
d.) inverts - Answers - a.) decreases
Which of the following will reduce patient radiation dose?
a.) increased thickness of the alum. tabletop
b.) use more radio-absorbent cassette fronts
c.) use KEVLAR cassette fronts
d.) increase grid ratio - Answers - ?? Look up see page?
What accounts for most of the repeated radiographs (retakes/repeats) today?
, a.) incorrect film storage
b.) incorrect selection of PRIMARY FACTORS
c.) lack of collimation
d.) incorrect film processing - Answers - b.) incorrect selection of PRIMARY FACTORS
0.5 mm lead equivalent gonad shields placed over the ovaries/testes reduce radiation
dose to the gonads approximately ______%
a.) 55%
b.) 80%
c.) 92%
d.) 100% - Answers - c.) 92% (verify)
Under which of the following conditions much gonads be shielded?
1.) the patient is of reproductive age
2.) the shield will not interfere with the diagnosis
3.) the gonads lie within 5 cm of the primary beam - Answers - All of the Above
verify 5 cm..
A large number or visible light _________(a)_______ cause the film to darken during
development.
When using film ALONE without the INTENSIFYING SCREENS, more X-rays
(______(b.)_____________) are generated resulting in a _______(c.)_________ in
patient radiation dose. - Answers - a.) photons
b.) 20-50 x's typically
c.) increase
Intensification Factor defined:
What are the intensifying screens used for? - Answers - This measures the "speed" of
the screen. It is calculated by (exposure without screens)/ divided by (exposure with
screens).
They are used to reduce the patient radiation dose providing a magnitude of dose
reduction.
1.) How much of a reduction in radiation dose can a patient get from using RARE-
EARTH to calcium tungstate?
2.) What is the speed of regular rare-earth screens vs. calcium tungstate screens?
3.) What's the reduction in exposure or patient rad dose? - Answers - 1.) 2-5x's
2.) 400S vs. 100s
3.) 75%
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Which of the following occur minutes to hours after exposure to ionizing radiation?
1.) functional damage & morphological changes
2.) Appearance of atypical cells
3.) Cataract formation - Answers - 1 & 2
If the operator stands behind a portable shield, which may allow scattered radiation to
pass around it's edges; total radiation dose reduction would be approximately:
a.) 50%
b.) 75%
c.) 92%
d.) 99% - Answers - 99%
Which of the following are SHORT TERM stepwise effects of radiation exposure?
1.) life-span shortening
2.) primary radiochemical reactions
3.) functional damage of cells
A.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2, and 3 - Answers - C. 2 and 3
To reduce the radiation dose to patients, it is necessary to formulate your radiographic
technique chart so that the kVP is __________ and the mAs is ____________.
a.) high, high
b.) low, low
c.) high, low
d.) low, high - Answers - C.) high kVp, low mAs
Approximately, what % of cases will require minor adjustments to a radiographic
technique chart?
A.) 5
B.) 10-25
c.) 25-50
D.) 75 - Answers - B. 10-25
How should exposure factors be adjusted for a patient with emphysema?
,a.) keep kVP the same, double mAs
b.) keep kVP the same, halve the mAs
c.) increase kVp, keep same mAs
d.) no change is necessary - Answers - b.) keep kVP the same, halve the mAs
An emphysematous patient will need___________ exposure than/an as patient with
pneumonia.
a.) 50% more
b.) 100% more
c.) the same
d.) less - Answers - d.) less
Which of the following are types of fog?
a.) development (chemical) fog
b.) scatter fog
c.) safelight fog
d.) all are types of fog - Answers - d.) all are types of fog
Which of the following is an X-ray equipment and accessory failure?
A.) use of incorrect technical factors
b.) improper film storage
c.) improper use of accessories such as grids, cassettes
d.) failure to communicate clearly to the patient - Answers - b.) improper film storage
19.) Which of the following processing errors causes films to look milky and slowly
darken over time?
a.) oxidized or depleted developer solution
b.) weak fixer solution
c.) cold or non-circulating wash water
d.) above normal developer solution temperature - Answers - b.) weak fixer solution
Which of the following are the result of weak fixer solution?
1.) milky appearance to film
2.) film darkens over time or when re-run through processor
3.) film turns yellow over time
a.) 1 & 2
b.) 1 & 3
c.) 2 & 3
d.) 1, 2, & 3 - Answers - a.) 1 & 2
,There is an interaction that takes place when X-rays hit the intensifying screens.
Limited permit X-ray technicians are excluded from:
A.) taking plain radiographs of the extremities
B.) operating portable or mobile X-ray equipment
C.) taking plain radiographs of the chest
d.) all of the above - Answers - B.) operating portable or mobile X-ray equipment
An example of a radiographic study using natural shielding to decrease radiation to the
ovaries is:
A.) AP T/S
b.) AP pelvis
c.) lateral femur
d.) PA lumbar spine - Answers - d.) PA Lumbar Spine
Which of the following is part of the x-ray tube anode?
1.) positive electrode
2.) negative electrode
3.) target - Answers - 1 and 3.
Which electron interaction with the anode causes x-ray beam to be polygenergetic?
A.) characteristic
b.) Compton
c.) pair production
d.) Bremsstrahlung - Answers - d.) Bremsstrahlung
What happens to the nominal focal spot size as the x-ray tube target (anode)
decreases?
A.) decreases
B.) stays the same
c.) increases
d.) inverts - Answers - a.) decreases
Which of the following will reduce patient radiation dose?
a.) increased thickness of the alum. tabletop
b.) use more radio-absorbent cassette fronts
c.) use KEVLAR cassette fronts
d.) increase grid ratio - Answers - ?? Look up see page?
What accounts for most of the repeated radiographs (retakes/repeats) today?
, a.) incorrect film storage
b.) incorrect selection of PRIMARY FACTORS
c.) lack of collimation
d.) incorrect film processing - Answers - b.) incorrect selection of PRIMARY FACTORS
0.5 mm lead equivalent gonad shields placed over the ovaries/testes reduce radiation
dose to the gonads approximately ______%
a.) 55%
b.) 80%
c.) 92%
d.) 100% - Answers - c.) 92% (verify)
Under which of the following conditions much gonads be shielded?
1.) the patient is of reproductive age
2.) the shield will not interfere with the diagnosis
3.) the gonads lie within 5 cm of the primary beam - Answers - All of the Above
verify 5 cm..
A large number or visible light _________(a)_______ cause the film to darken during
development.
When using film ALONE without the INTENSIFYING SCREENS, more X-rays
(______(b.)_____________) are generated resulting in a _______(c.)_________ in
patient radiation dose. - Answers - a.) photons
b.) 20-50 x's typically
c.) increase
Intensification Factor defined:
What are the intensifying screens used for? - Answers - This measures the "speed" of
the screen. It is calculated by (exposure without screens)/ divided by (exposure with
screens).
They are used to reduce the patient radiation dose providing a magnitude of dose
reduction.
1.) How much of a reduction in radiation dose can a patient get from using RARE-
EARTH to calcium tungstate?
2.) What is the speed of regular rare-earth screens vs. calcium tungstate screens?
3.) What's the reduction in exposure or patient rad dose? - Answers - 1.) 2-5x's
2.) 400S vs. 100s
3.) 75%
