Public Health 200 Final Exam Study Guide Questions With 100% Verified Correct Answers Graded A+.

It is estimated that tobacco is responsible for about _________ deaths per year in the US. - correct answer 500,000 What is most harmful in cigarettes - correct answer the smoke Which of the following statements is/are true about cigarette smoke? (check all that apply) - correct answer - Of the 7,000 compounds in cigarette smoke, 70 are known carcinogens - The tars in cigarette smoke cause cancer and lung diseases, and increase susceptibility to infectious diseases - Nicotine increases the risk of sudden cardiac death - Cigarette smoke raises total blood cholesterol levels and reduces levels of good cholesterol The 1964 Surgeon General's report resulted in more demand for tobacco control, which reduced smoking rates, which led to norm changes, which gave rise to more policies and further reduced smoking rates. This phenomenon is called - correct answer virtuous cycle What is the Fairness Doctrine? - correct answer A 1968 mandate that advertisements for cigarettes be balanced by public service announcements about their harmful effects Rank the following tobacco control policy interventions from least effective (4) to most effective (1) - correct answer 1. increasing the price of cigarettes 2. media campaigns 3. health education 4. labels on cigarette packs Which of the following gave the FDA the authority to regulate tobacco products and to restrict advertising and promotion? - correct answer Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (2009) Filtered cigarettes and low tar & nicotine cigarettes are less harmful than regular cigarettes - correct answer false Which of the following are risk factors for tobacco use? - correct answer - Low socio-economic status - Low education level - Mental illness - Substance abuse What's the future of tobacco control? - correct answer - Smoke-free environments - Graphic warning labels on cigarette packs - Laws prohibiting smoking in cars with kids - Increasing the minimum age of purchase from 18 to 21 What are some of the public health concerns about e-cigarettes? - correct answer - Lack of regulation - E-cigarettes can still contain nicotine. - Aerosol from e-cigarettes contain harmful particles - E-cigarettes could be a gateway into tobacco use. - Lack of research of the potential risks Harm reductionists look at e-cigarettes - correct answer favorably The University of Michigan is a tobacco-free campus. Are e-cigarettes also banned on campus? - correct answer No (e-cigs banned on medical campus) Health behaviors encompass the daily choices you make, including - correct answer - How much you move your body - What (or how much) you drink - The risks you take - The risks you avoid - What (or how much) you eat - Other steps to promote health or prevent disease (i.e. brushing your teeth) Approximately what percentage of early deaths are linked to each factor - correct answer Health behaviors: 50% Healthcare: 10% Genetics: 20% Social and environmental factors: 20% People may engage in an unhealthy behavior (like eating cupcakes) because the benefits _________ are while the costs are ________ - correct answer - immediate - deferred The sense of having control over one's life is the concept of __________? - correct answer self efficacy Pressure from your friends to smoke weed represents an influence at which level of the ecological model - correct answer interpersonal Age limits on alcohol sales represents an influence at which level of the ecological model - correct answer Societal/public policy An area where public health has failed to significantly impact behavior change is - correct answer firearm use Low alcohol consumption is linked with lower rates of heart disease than moderate alcohol consumption - correct answer false Stress affects our bodies via two different pathways. Pathway one is ________ , causing biological or physical effects to our bodies. Pathway two is ________ , which operates by reducing our willingness or ability to engage in behaviors that promote health - correct answer - direct - indirect According to Schneider, which of the following was more effective at reducing motor vehicle deaths? - correct answer Environmental changes, like safer highways and motor vehicles Which of the following factors influences injury rates in the United States? - correct answer - Age - Race - Gender - Socioeconomic status Match each of the following prevention factors for death from a motor vehicle crash according to the level of prevention - correct answer Primary prevention - better street lighting Secondary prevention - seat belts Tertiary prevention - helicopter transport of victims Unintentional injury deaths, such as motor vehicle deaths, are sometimes described as 'accidents'. Why is the word 'accident' problematic in the context of public health? - correct answer 'Accident' implies something is not preventable Which of the following categories is the cause of the greatest number of injury deaths in the United States today? - correct answer Poisonings Compared to most other high-income countries, the mortality rate from injuries in the United States is - correct answer higher According to the US Department of Transportation, the leading critical reason for motor vehicle crashes is - correct answer drivers Compared to passenger cars, for each 100 million passenger miles driven, the death rate for motorcycles is - correct answer 25 times higher Which of the following drug categories accounts for the greatest fraction of poisoning or overdose deaths? - correct answer Opioids (e.g., heroin) Where do most fatal falls occur? - correct answer On the flat in the home Women experience the greatest proportion of fatal occupational injuries for which of the following categories of fatal injury events? - correct answer Homicides The civilian jobs with the highest rates of fatal work injuries share which of the following features? - correct answer Outdoor jobs Having a gun in the home is an important risk factor for death by suicide - correct answer true Which if the following racial/ethnic groups has the highest rate of death by suicide in the United States? - correct answer American Indians/Alaska Natives Which of the following groups has the highest rate of death by homicide in the United States? - correct answer black males Which of the following statements is true concerning homicide rates from firearms? The homicide rate from firearms in the United States is - correct answer highest among high-income countries Over the last 20 years, the proportion of the US population that is overweight has ________ , and the proportion that is obese has ________ - correct answer - remained the same - increased Why is it more difficult for people to lose weight than to quit smoking? - correct answer Obesity is a complex condition that results from the interplay of genetic, personal, cultural, and social factors Overweight and obese children and teens are at increased risk for developing - correct answer - Cardiovascular disease - Type 2 diabetes - Endocrine dysfunction - Psychological problems Obesity is a significant burden on our healthcare system. It is estimated that the costs of treating the diseases caused by excess weight account for up to _____ % of total US medical expenditures - correct answer 20 To lose weight, a person must - correct answer expend more calories than are consumed The difficulty in losing weight and the tendency for dieters to regain weight both support the concept of - correct answer Prevention Offering insurance-premium discounts to people who meet health standards or engage in certain health behaviors is an influence from what level of influence within the socio-ecological model? - correct answer policy Why did a 2005 Institute of Medicine report call childhood obesity a "critical public health threat"? - correct answer - The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing. - Overweight and obese children are particularly vulnerable to stigma and its psycho-social implications. - Overweight children are more prone to becoming overweight adults. Which of the following are regarded as effective interventions for treating childhood obesity? - correct answer - A family-based approach focused on changing behaviors. - Ensuring that children get an adequate amount of sleep. - Encouraging families to eat their meals and engage in activities together. - Working with parents who struggle to establish healthy routines. Where it has been implemented, menu labeling has been an effective public health intervention to reduce the number of calories that people consume - correct answer It's hard to say: the evidence is mixed Dr. Lipson explains that mental health is a continuum and that everyone falls within the continuum. True or false: an individual's position on the continuum can fluctuate with changes in mood or emotional states - correct answer true Mental illness is distinguished from temporary mental distress based on which of the following (check all that apply) - correct answer - Frequency of symptoms - Degree of impairment - Duration of symptoms True or false: a sense of thriving or flourishing is part of mental health - correct answer true Mental health problems are a leading cause of disability in the U.S. ________ of Americans experience mental health problems, while ________ experience serious mental illness - correct answer - 18% - 4% Mental health symptoms are described as having a u-shaped relationship with age because - correct answer Mental illnesses are most common among the young and the elderly True or false: most people who die as a result of suicide had a diagnosable mental illness - correct answer true Mental illness is caused by - correct answer The interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors