Assignment 1 Semester 2 2025
Unique #
Due Date: 28 August 2025
Detailed solutions, explanations, workings
and references.
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, QUESTION 1
1.1.
The concept of a social contract refers to an unwritten agreement among members
of society to accept a system of laws and government that provides order, protection,
and justice. Citizens willingly surrender some freedoms in return for security and
social organisation. This agreement gives the legal system its legitimacy, as
individuals agree to be bound by its rules. It ensures that everyone has both rights
and responsibilities under the law. In a democratic state like South Africa, the social
contract underpins the rule of law, ensuring that legal authority is exercised fairly and
that the system serves its people.
1.2
Prosecutors and state advocates both work for the state in criminal matters, but at
different levels. Prosecutors usually handle cases in the lower courts, presenting
evidence against accused persons on behalf of the state. State advocates operate in
higher courts such as the High Court, dealing with more serious crimes and often
acting under the direction of the National Prosecuting Authority.
State attorneys represent the government in civil legal matters, such as lawsuits
involving government departments. Attorneys, on the other hand, are private legal
practitioners who offer legal services to the public. They represent individuals or
companies in both civil and criminal cases, draft legal documents, and provide legal
advice.
1.3
Law is a system of rules created and enforced by the state to regulate human
behaviour, maintain order, and protect rights and duties within society. It consists of
formal norms that are officially recognised, apply to all citizens, and are enforceable
through state institutions such as courts and the police. A law has legal authority and
consequences if broken.
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