NURS549 Midterm Questions with Detailed Verified Answers

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NURS549 Midterm Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers


Question: Drugs responsible for Hyperuricemia


Ans: Loop and Thiazides


Question:Difference between drugs best suited to cross the membrane


Ans: Lipid (un-ionized) soluble drugs the best usually passive form


Water soluble are ionzied must be small to pass through memebrane


Question:first pass effect


Ans: concentration of a drug given orally is greatly reduced before it
reaches systemic circulation


It is the fraction of lost drug during the process of oral absorption which is
related to liver metabolism


Question:Effect of pH

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Ans: Drugs pass through readily when unchanged (unprotonated)


A weak acid in a acidic environment


A weak base in a basic environment


Question:Drug Distribution


Ans: process by which a drug reversibly leaves the blood stream and
enters the interstitium ( extracellular fluid) and then the cells of the tissues


Question:Volume of distribution (Vd)


Ans: A hypothetical volume of fluid into which a drug is dispensed


Question:Plasma protein binding


Ans: Albumin can reversibly bind a drug and sequester the drug in a non-
diffusible form


Question:First order kinetics


Ans: non-linear or exponential - a constant fraction of the drug is
metabolized


Question:Zero order kinetics

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Ans: Linear - a constant amount of drug is metabolized not based on drug
concentration


Question:steady state plasma concentration


Ans: plasma concentration of drug when the maintenance rate of drug
administration is equal to the rate of elimination


Question:factors that affect steady state plasma concentration


Ans: Directly proportional to infusion rate


Inversely proportional to clearance of the drug


Question:4 major receptor families


Ans: 1. Transmembrane Ligand-Gated ion channel- regulates ion flow ex.
nicotinic nuerotransmiters


2. Transmembrane G Protein- coupled receptor- most abundant linked to
gprotein for second messanger ex. alpha and beta, muscarinic


3. Enzyme linked receptor- activates or inhibits intracellular enzymes
ex.insulin


4. Intracellular receptor-most diffuse through the membrane to engage.
ex. hormones


Question:second messenger

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Ans: effector molecules that relay signals from recptors on cell surface to
target molecules inside the cell in the cystoplasm or nucleus


Question:Therapeutic index


Ans: the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic(desired and effective)
concentrations of a drug in an individual


TD50/ED50


the smaller the value the less safe


Question:TD50


Ans: toxic dose in 50% of the population


Question:ED50


Ans: Effective dose in 50% of the population


Question:EC50


Ans: drug dose the shows 50% of maximal response in an individual


Question:Potency


Ans: measure of an amount of drug neccessary to produce an effect


Question:efficacy