Bilirubin levels may be very high with no apparent ill effect. However, CNS
abnormalities can result from extremely high and prolonged levels of bilirubin.
Normally, bilirubin crosses the BBB extremely slow and with great difficulty. In infants,
especially pre-term infants, bilirubin crosses the BBB much more easily. Bilirubin is
extremely toxic to nerve tissue and exposure can lead to significant neurologic
deficits/death. What is this condition called?
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, Kernicterus
Hyperplasia can be physiological or pathological. What are the two types of normal,
or physiologic, hyperplasia?
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1. Compensatory hyperplasia
2. hormonal hyperplasia
Ineffective osmoles
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urea
refers to the ability of the combined effect of all the solutes to generate an osmotic
driving force that causes water movement from one compartment to another.
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Tonicity
Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and atrophy- These three types of cell adaptations may be
__________ (disappear when stressor removed) or _________ (remain when stressor removed)
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physiologic, pathologic
Differential Features of Hepatocellular Jaundice
1. Basic Defect=
2.Elevation of serum bilirubin=
3. Type of bilirubin in plasma=
4. Bilirubin in urine (normally absent) =
5. Urobilinogen in urine (normally present at low concentrations) =
6. Bilirubin in feces=
7. Red cell survival=
8. Liver function tests=
9. Bile ducts=
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1. Defective uptake, conjugation, and/or excretion of bilirubin
2. severe
3.conjugated & unconjugated
4. Present (if the defect is in the biliary excretion)
5. Variable depending on the stage of the disease
6. variable
7. normal
8. abnormal
9. normal
Differential Features of Obstructive Jaundice
1. Basic Defect=
2.Elevation of serum bilirubin=
3. Type of bilirubin in plasma=
, 4. Bilirubin in urine (normally absent) =
5. Urobilinogen in urine (normally present at low concentrations) =
6. Bilirubin in feces=
7. Red cell survival=
8. Liver function tests=
9. Bile ducts=
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1. Obstruction of bile ducts
2. severe
3. conjugated
4. present
5. decreased (absent)
6. decreased
7. normal
8. variable
9. obstructed
Normal fluid osmolality=
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280-294 mOsm/Kg
Complete dissolution of the chromatin of a dying cell due to enzymatic degradation
by endonucleases.
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abnormalities can result from extremely high and prolonged levels of bilirubin.
Normally, bilirubin crosses the BBB extremely slow and with great difficulty. In infants,
especially pre-term infants, bilirubin crosses the BBB much more easily. Bilirubin is
extremely toxic to nerve tissue and exposure can lead to significant neurologic
deficits/death. What is this condition called?
Give this one a try later!
, Kernicterus
Hyperplasia can be physiological or pathological. What are the two types of normal,
or physiologic, hyperplasia?
Give this one a try later!
1. Compensatory hyperplasia
2. hormonal hyperplasia
Ineffective osmoles
Give this one a try later!
urea
refers to the ability of the combined effect of all the solutes to generate an osmotic
driving force that causes water movement from one compartment to another.
Give this one a try later!
Tonicity
Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and atrophy- These three types of cell adaptations may be
__________ (disappear when stressor removed) or _________ (remain when stressor removed)
,Give this one a try later!
physiologic, pathologic
Differential Features of Hepatocellular Jaundice
1. Basic Defect=
2.Elevation of serum bilirubin=
3. Type of bilirubin in plasma=
4. Bilirubin in urine (normally absent) =
5. Urobilinogen in urine (normally present at low concentrations) =
6. Bilirubin in feces=
7. Red cell survival=
8. Liver function tests=
9. Bile ducts=
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1. Defective uptake, conjugation, and/or excretion of bilirubin
2. severe
3.conjugated & unconjugated
4. Present (if the defect is in the biliary excretion)
5. Variable depending on the stage of the disease
6. variable
7. normal
8. abnormal
9. normal
Differential Features of Obstructive Jaundice
1. Basic Defect=
2.Elevation of serum bilirubin=
3. Type of bilirubin in plasma=
, 4. Bilirubin in urine (normally absent) =
5. Urobilinogen in urine (normally present at low concentrations) =
6. Bilirubin in feces=
7. Red cell survival=
8. Liver function tests=
9. Bile ducts=
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1. Obstruction of bile ducts
2. severe
3. conjugated
4. present
5. decreased (absent)
6. decreased
7. normal
8. variable
9. obstructed
Normal fluid osmolality=
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280-294 mOsm/Kg
Complete dissolution of the chromatin of a dying cell due to enzymatic degradation
by endonucleases.
Give this one a try later!
