IEB GRADE 11 THEORY
DEFINITIONS
AUDREY HU
2020
, Definition Chapter1
Large circuit board which connects most important components
Motherboard: of computer, such as CPU
Chipsets: Set of chips used to connect components on motherboard
Controller: Circuitry responsible for managing a specific hardware part
Allows hardware subsystems to access system memory
DMA(direct memory access): independently of CPU
Connects the important components to the motherboard that
Northbridge: need immediate processing
Connects components that don’t need immediate processing to
Southbridge: the motherboard
Front side bus: Connects all components on motherboard
Transfers physical address of instruction or data between CPU
Address bus: and Ram
Transfers actual instruction or data that needs to be transferred
Data bus: between CPU and RAM
Control Bus: Carries commands between CPU and RAM
Practice of making comp components operate beyond stock
perform by manipulating frequency of what the component is
Overclocking: meant to run
CPU
1st function: Fetch: A program instruction from memory
2nd function: Decode: Understand the instruction using CPU instruction set
3rd function: Execute: The instruction using data
The result obtained back in the main memory or send to output
4th function: Store: device
Sends read or write signals to memory and address of the
Control unit: instruction to stored
Arithmetic unit: Where calculations and logic comparisons take place
Registers: Temporary memory locations
Stores blocks of program instructions and data that have been
Cache memory: pre-fetched from RAM in case needs to be used again
RAM: Stores programs currently in use
DRAM: Dynamic RAM. Refreshes constantly
Synchronises the refreshes with the CPU so that there is no wait
S(DRAM): time
DDR: Data is transferred twice as fast per every clock pulse
Graphics processing unit. Controls the displaying of images so
GPU: that the CPU doesn’t have to
Found in PCI expansion slot on motherboard used for playing or
Soundcard: reading sound files
Universal serial bus. Connects most external devices to a
USB: computer
High definition multimedia interface. All digital audio-video
HDMI: interface
Dard drive disk. Non-volatile storage device which stores digital
HDD: data on rapidly spinning platters that are magnetic
Seek time: Time taken for read\write head to find correct platter
GRADE 11 THEORY DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS
AUDREY HU
2020
, Definition Chapter1
Large circuit board which connects most important components
Motherboard: of computer, such as CPU
Chipsets: Set of chips used to connect components on motherboard
Controller: Circuitry responsible for managing a specific hardware part
Allows hardware subsystems to access system memory
DMA(direct memory access): independently of CPU
Connects the important components to the motherboard that
Northbridge: need immediate processing
Connects components that don’t need immediate processing to
Southbridge: the motherboard
Front side bus: Connects all components on motherboard
Transfers physical address of instruction or data between CPU
Address bus: and Ram
Transfers actual instruction or data that needs to be transferred
Data bus: between CPU and RAM
Control Bus: Carries commands between CPU and RAM
Practice of making comp components operate beyond stock
perform by manipulating frequency of what the component is
Overclocking: meant to run
CPU
1st function: Fetch: A program instruction from memory
2nd function: Decode: Understand the instruction using CPU instruction set
3rd function: Execute: The instruction using data
The result obtained back in the main memory or send to output
4th function: Store: device
Sends read or write signals to memory and address of the
Control unit: instruction to stored
Arithmetic unit: Where calculations and logic comparisons take place
Registers: Temporary memory locations
Stores blocks of program instructions and data that have been
Cache memory: pre-fetched from RAM in case needs to be used again
RAM: Stores programs currently in use
DRAM: Dynamic RAM. Refreshes constantly
Synchronises the refreshes with the CPU so that there is no wait
S(DRAM): time
DDR: Data is transferred twice as fast per every clock pulse
Graphics processing unit. Controls the displaying of images so
GPU: that the CPU doesn’t have to
Found in PCI expansion slot on motherboard used for playing or
Soundcard: reading sound files
Universal serial bus. Connects most external devices to a
USB: computer
High definition multimedia interface. All digital audio-video
HDMI: interface
Dard drive disk. Non-volatile storage device which stores digital
HDD: data on rapidly spinning platters that are magnetic
Seek time: Time taken for read\write head to find correct platter
GRADE 11 THEORY DEFINITIONS
