NFDN 1001 FINAL EXAM LATEST (2025)
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What are the three - medical approach
historical approaches to - behavioural approach
health in Canada? - socio-environmental approach
- western thinking
- focuses on treatment of disease
- must have adequate health-care system
Describe the medical
- prevalent after WWII with influx of economic growth
approach to health (6)
- national health insurance was created
- less emphasis on health promotion & disease
prevention
The physician was seen as the expert and patients
The physicians role in the were expected to comply with his/her advice. The
medical model physician assumes an authoritarian position in relation
to the patient.
What type of care results Patient-centred care
in greater patient
involvement?
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- lots of money was being spent on health care but
health status of population was not improving
- Lalonde report defined the health determinants as
LIFESTYLE, environment, human biology, and the
organization of health-care.
Describe the behavioural
- lifestyle contributes to chronic disease
approach to health (5)
- this approach places responsibility of health on the
individual and less on physician
- lifestyle improvements were made primarily by well-
educated, well-employed, and higher income
Canadians
Describe the socio- - health is tied to social structure: poverty, air
environmental approach pollution, poor water quality and workplace hazards
(1) are barriers to healthy behaviours
- took the socio-environmental approach
Describe the Ottawa
- places responsibility for health on society rather
Charter (2)
than on just individuals
- peace
- shelter
- education
Ottawa Charter's pre- - food
requisites for health (8) - income
- stable ecosystem
- social justice
- equity
1) build healthy public policy
Ottawa Charter's five main 2) create supportive environments
strategies to promote 3) strengthen community action
health 4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
Describe the Epp Report - developed by Jake Epp minister of National Health
(1) and Welfare - wanted health for all
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What are the three major 1) reducing inequalities
challenges identified in 2) improving prevention
the Epp Report 3) enhancing coping
1) income & social status
2) social support networks
3) education
4) employment & working conditions
5) physical environments
What are the twelve 6) biology & genetics
determinants of health? 7) personal practices (lifestyle) & coping skills
8) healthy child development
9) health services
10) gender
11) culture
12) social environments
Directed towards increasing the level of well-being
and self-actualization
Five strategies to promote health:
What is health promotion?
1) build healthy public policy
(And the five strategies)
2) create supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
What is disease Action to avoid illness/disease
prevention? And how
many levels of disease 3: primary, secondary, tertiary
prevention are there?
Includes activities that protect against a disease
Describe the primary level BEFORE signs & symptoms occur. Ex) immunizations
of disease prevention and reducing/avoiding risk factors of certain diseases
like smoking
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