Detailed noted

Acids, Bases, and Salts - Class 10 NCERT Notes




1. **Acids**:

- Substances that release H+ ions in aqueous solution.

- Examples: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3.

- Taste sour, turn blue litmus red.

- Strong acids: Completely ionize in water (e.g., HCl).

- Weak acids: Partially ionize (e.g., CH3COOH).




2. **Bases**:

- Substances that release OH- ions in aqueous solution.

- Examples: NaOH, KOH, NH4OH.

- Taste bitter, feel soapy, turn red litmus blue.

- Strong bases: Fully dissociate (e.g., NaOH).

- Weak bases: Partially dissociate (e.g., NH4OH).




3. **Indicators**:

- Substances that change color in acidic or basic solutions.

- Litmus: Red in acid, blue in base.

- Phenolphthalein: Colorless in acid, pink in base.

- Methyl orange: Red in acid, yellow in base.




4. **Reactions of Acids and Bases**:

- With metals: Acid + Metal -> Salt + H2(gas)

- With metal carbonates: Acid + Metal carbonate -> Salt + CO2(gas) + H2O