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Samenvatting microbiologie: inleiding

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July 7, 2025
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Written in
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Inhoud
1. Microbiologie....................................................................................................................................... 2
Micro-versus macrobiologie ................................................................................................................ 2
1.1 Bacteriën ................................................................................................................................ 3
Bacteriën en hun cellulair verschil met de eukaryoten................................................................... 3
1.2 Virussen ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Prionen (buitenbeentjes!) ............................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Protozoa ........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.5 Fungi .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Prokaryoten vs. eukaryoten ............................................................................................................ 5
Bacteriën vs. fungi ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Helminthen (wormen) ................................................................................................................... 5
Anders voorgesteld ............................................................................................................................. 6
2. Microbiologie als wetenschap ............................................................................................................. 6
3. Microorganismen als cellen................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Eigenschappen van cellulair leven ......................................................................................... 7
1. Compartimentalisatie en metabolisme ....................................................................................... 7
2. Groei ............................................................................................................................................ 7
3. Evolutie ........................................................................................................................................ 8
4. Beweeglijkheid ............................................................................................................................ 8
5. Differentiatie ............................................................................................................................... 8
6. Communicatie of quorum sensing .............................................................................................. 9
4. Micro-organismen en hun omgeving: enkele begrippen .................................................................. 10
5. Evolutie van het microbiële leven ..................................................................................................... 10
6. Micro-organismen: van belang in zowel positieve als negatieve zin ................................................ 11
7. De grondleggers van de microbiologie .............................................................................................. 11
8. Bacteriologie: indeling en taxonomie................................................................................................ 14
Classificatie van bacteriën ................................................................................................................. 15




1

,Les 1: inleiding
1. Microbiologie
• Studie van micro-organismen (‘microben’)
• Micro-organisme = klein organisme, enkel zichtbaar met microscoop
o Bacteriën → bacteriologie
o Virussen → virologie
o Fungi (gisten/schimmels) → mycologie
o Protozoa
o (Parasieten, sommige wel met blote oog zichtbaar) → parasitology

Micro-versus macrobiologie




Microscopische
wereld < 0.5 mm




2

, 1.1 Bacteriën

• Prokaryoten met een cellulaire structuur




• Een klein compact genoom georganiseerd als een circulair chromosoom (nucleoid),
daarnaast ev. ook plasmiden met extra genetisch materiaal
• De celwand vervult een belangrijke rol in de pathogeniciteit v/d bacteriën met elementen als
pili, flagellen en/of een kapsel

Bacteriën en hun cellulair verschil met de eukaryoten




1.2 Virussen

• Meest voorkomende micro-organismen op de aarde
• Kunnen elk type cellulair organisme infecteren
• Hebben geen cellulaire structuur
o Dus: geen celmembranen, cytoplasma of celorganellen
o Wél: genetisch materiaal (RNA of DNA)
• Afhankelijk van gastheercellen voor hun replicatie
o Ze zijn zelf niet-levend
• Organisatie genetisch materiaal:
o RNA of DNA
o dubbel- of enkelstrengig
o lineair of circulair
• Bacteriofagen: bacteriële virussen (zie les bacteriofagen) 3
R60,41
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