LEIFER FLECK GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFESPAN 2 ND EDITION: A HEALTH PROMOTION FOCUS; COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS TESTBANK

LEIFER FLECK GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFESPAN 2ND EDITION: A HEALTH PROMOTION FOCUS; COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS TESTBANK TABLE OF Contents Chapter 1: Healthy People 2020 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Chapter 2: Government Influences on Health Care Test Bank……………………………………………………….……… 15 Chapter 3: Cultural Considerations Across the Lifespan and in Health and Illness Test Bank……………………………… 21 Chapter 4: The Influence of Family on Developing a Lifestyle Test Bank…………………………………………………... 26 Chapter 5: Theories of Development Test Bank…………………………………………………………………………….... 37 Chapter 6: Prenatal Influences on Healthy Development Test Bank………………………………………………………… 44 Chapter 7: The Infant Test Bank ……………………………………………………………………………………………….55 Chapter 8: Early Childhood Test Bank……………………………………………………………………………………….. 65 Chapter 9: Middle Childhood Test Bank……………………………………………………………………………………... 75 Chapter 10: Adolescence Test Bank………………………………………………………………………………………… 87 Chapter 11: Young Adulthood Test Bank…………………………………………………………………………………….. 98 Chapter 12: Middle Adulthood Test Bank…………………………………………………………………………………… 107 Chapter 13: Late Adulthood Test Bank……………………………………………………………………………………….. 114 Chapter 14: Advanced Old-Age and Geriatrics Test Bank…………………………………………………………………… 122 Chapter 15: Planning for the End of Life Test Bank………………………………………………………………………….. 131 Chapter 16: Bereavement Test Bank………………………………………………………………………………………….. 142 Chapter 1: Healthy People 2020 Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to: a. examine world health needs. b. evaluate accomplishments for years 2010–2020. c. focus primarily on infant health and mortality. d. examine funding issues for health care. CORRECT ANS: B Healthy People 2020 is an evidence-based 10-year report card describing health-care accomplishments in the United States between the years of 2010 and 2020. 2. A health-care worker planning a research project related to teenage pregnancy in his community would include in the initial assessment the health status of the target population. Health status could be best evaluated by the examination of the: a. birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy. b. birth rate, access to health care, and death rate. c. disease morbidity, life expectancy, and health insurance coverage. d. health insurance coverage, death rate, and access to health care. CORRECT ANS: B Birth rate statistics identify age of mother; death rates include infant mortality and age of mother; access to health care may affect a teenager’s ability to obtain adequate prenatal care. 3. The health-care worker teaches a group of new parents about the “back to sleep” program, which is directed toward the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by: a. positioning the baby on a small flat pillow. b. placing the baby on its back in the crib. c. gently rocking the baby before returning it to bed. d. tucking infant snuggly in the crib with a light blanket. CORRECT ANS: B The back to sleep program helps reduce the incidence of SIDS by placing the infant on its back rather than on its stomach. TOP: Back to sleep program 4. Healthy People 2020 endorses the completion of a high school education primarily to enable a person to: a. secure a better job. b. increase the quality of life. c. make healthy lifestyle choices. d. maintain the family unit. CORRECT ANS: C One of the goals of Healthy People 2020 is to increase the number of persons graduating from high school so that they have a better education basis on which to make healthy lifestyle choices. 5. Healthy People 2020 is published by the: a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. b. Department of the Interior. c. World Health Organization. d. Department of Health and Human Services. CORRECT ANS: D Healthy People 2020 is published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 6. Infant mortality rates are based on infant deaths that occur: a. at birth, per 1000 deliveries. b. before 1 year of age, per 1000 live births. c. from infection and congenital disorders, per 1000 live births. d. from unexplained causes, per 1000 live births. CORRECT ANS: B Infant mortality is reported on deaths occurring before the age of 1 year per 1000 live births. 7. Although the life expectancy has increased, Healthy People 2020 will focus on the older adult’s need for: a. better pharmacy insurance coverage. b. improved extended care facilities. c. increased compliance to medical protocols. d. maintenance of independent lifestyles. CORRECT ANS: D The maintenance of independent lifestyles is an ongoing problem for the older adult. 8. Information about morbidity and mortality gives the health-care worker data to identify: a. lifespan statistics. b. high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards. c. effectiveness of treatment. d. cost-effective treatment for the general population. CORRECT ANS: B Evaluating specific details of the determinants of health help health-care workers develop an understanding of the health status of the population. Morbidity and mortality statistics can identify risks for disease or health hazard by age group. TOP: Morbidity 9. A major cause of death for children under the age of 1 year is: a. congenital abnormalities. b. infection. c. cancer. d. injuries. CORRECT ANS: A The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified congenital abnormalities as a leading cause of death for children under the age of 1 year. , Box 1-1 10. The health-care worker advises a young woman who is 7 weeks pregnant to include folic acid supplements in her diet in order to: a. strengthen muscles in preparation for effective labor. b. help control excessive weight gain during pregnancy. c. reduce incidence of congenital malformations. d. enhance the probability of carrying the pregnancy to full term. CORRECT ANS: C One of the goals of Healthy People 2020 is to promote use of folic acid supplements early in pregnancy. Ideally, folic acid supplements, or adequate dietary folic acid, should be recommended early in the pregnancy to help prevent congenital malformations, especially spina bifida. TOP: Folic acid 11. Guidelines for “baby-friendly” hospitals include: a. information about immunizations. b. active support of parent–baby bonding. c. control of peri-delivery infection. d. encouragement to breastfeed for the first year of life. CORRECT ANS: D Baby-friendly hospitals encourage breastfeeding during the first year of life. TOP: Baby-friendly hospitals 12. The statistic widely used to compare the health status of different populations is: a. incidence of specific infections such as AIDS or smallpox. b. maternal mortality rate. c. infant mortality rate. d. health insurance coverage. CORRECT ANS: C Infant mortality rates are used worldwide as an indicator of the health of a nation. TOP: Healthy People progress 13. A health-care worker who is planning a health education program for geriatric adults based on the goals of Healthy People 2020 would include: a. smoking cessation. b. drug and alcohol abuse. c. education about medications. d. fall prevention. CORRECT ANS: D Reducing falls will reduce the incidence of hip fracture, which continues to be a problem, especially among elderly females. TOP: Health education 14. The role of the professional nurse has evolved to include: a. providing direct care to patients at the bedside. b. managing care to cure health problems once they have occurred. c. planning patient care to cover longer hospital stays. d. forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care. CORRECT ANS: D Nurses are no longer simply providing bedside care. Their role now includes policymaking, global health education planning, working as change agents for traditional health-care systems, and so on. 1 TOP: World health 15. Adults over the age of 65 can significantly reduce their health risk by: a. using herbal remedies. b. getting annual vaccines for influenza and pneumonia. c. engaging in a mild exercise regimen. d. eating three large, well-balanced meals a day. CORRECT ANS: B Annual immunizations against pneumonia and influenza significantly reduce morbidity from these diseases. TOP: Issues and goals related to phases of the life cycle MULTIPLE RESPONSE 16. The new topic areas in the Healthy People guidelines established in 2011 for consideration for Healthy People 2020 include: (Select all that apply.) a. adolescent health. b. social determinants of health. c. blood disorders for adolescents. d. gay, lesbian, and transgender health concerns. e. teen pregnancies. CORRECT ANS: A, B, C, D The new topics initiated by the Healthy People 2020 guidelines in 2011 include adolescent health, blood disorders and safety, early and middle childhood, genomics, global health, health-care associated infections, health-related concerns for gay, lesbian, and transgender patients, dementia in older adults, preparedness, sleep health, and social determinants of health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis TOP: New Healthy People topics COMPLETION 17. Criteria used to measure health-related concepts are referred to as . CORRECT ANS: Health indicators Health indicators are measurements of health-related concepts such as increased availability to health care and changing level of tobacco use. REF: p. 2 TOP: Health indicators 18. The life expectancy at birth in the United States is above years. CORRECT ANS: 78 seventy-eight seventy eight The life expectancy at birth in the United States is 78.49 years. REF: p. 7, Table 1-2 TOP: Life expectancy in the United States 19. In addition to injuries, the leading causes of death in adolescents and young adults aged 15 through 24 years are and . CORRECT ANS: suicide, homicide homicide, suicide According to the Healthy People review, suicide and homicide are among the leading causes of death in this age-group. , Box 1-1 TOP: Issues and goals related to phases of the life cycle (adolescent and young adult) KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA Chapter 2: Government Influences on Health Care Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Changes in health-care delivery systems have been influenced primarily by: a. institution of various systems to provide cost-effective health care. b. governmental regulation of the cost of all health-care services. c. the need to meet the health-care needs of an aging population. d. development of medical technology that has reduced the incidence of illness. CORRECT ANS: A Increasing health-care costs have led to initiation of health-care delivery systems to contain cost while providing care. Cost control addressing national health goals, entitlements, use of available sources, and identification of changing health-care needs is the basic goal of these systems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 23 TOP: Health-care reform 2. The purpose of the state/national government program of Medicaid is to provide: a. immunizations for preschool children. b. prescription drugs at a lower cost. c. medical care on the basis of need or poverty. d. community clinics for wom e n an d c hi ld re n . CORRECT ANS: C Medicaid is similar to a welfare program in which benefits are provided on the basis of need or poverty. 9, Box 2-3 TOP: Medicaid 3. A student is preparing a report on the history of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program would acquire the most useful information from: a. Health, United States. b. the Department of Health and Human Services. c. the Federal Register. d. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CORRECT ANS: C Federal legislation related to health care is recorded and published in the Federal Register. REF: p. 20 TOP: Department of Health and Human Services 4. The Human Genome Project has the potential to reduce health-care costs by assisting health-care providers to: a. detect illnesses before they become chronic. b. prevent chromosomal related illnesses. c. identify the most effective drugs for specific diseases. d. design low cost complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) remedies. CORRECT ANS: A The Human Genome Project gives health-care providers the potential to detect illnesses before they become chronic. REF: p. 23 OBJ: 6 TOP: Human Genome Project 5. The Tax Equity Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) established the development of: a. diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). b. Medicaid access for the poor. c. aid to families with dependent children. d. maternal and child health services block grants. CORRECT ANS: A TEFRA amended the Social Security Act to establish the development of DRGs in 1982. REF: p. 21, Table 2-1 OBJ: 2 TOP: Diagnosis-related groups 6. The scope of practice for nursing is stipulated by the: a. American Nurses Associati on . b. Board of Nurse Examiners. c. Nursing Licensure Pact. d. Nurse practice act. CORRECT ANS: D Nurse practice acts of each state establish the scope of practice for nursing in that state. 5 TOP: Nurse Practice Acts 7. The roles of the nurse have changed as a result of the national health-care focus on: a. illness prevention and health maintenance. b. increased accountability to professional codes and international standards of care. c. treatment of disease or disability. d. planning for nationalized health care. CORRECT ANS: A Prevention and early intervention appear to be critical to reducing health-care costs and are at the heart of the objectives of Healthy People 2020. REF: p. 24 OBJ: 6 TOP: Illness prevention 8. An informed consent form requires that: a. the patient is informed of all adverse problems of a procedure. b. the nurse signs as a witness that the patient received the necessary information. c. the nurse questions the patient to confirm that all aspects of treatment are understood. d. the nurse documents that the consent has been signed. CORRECT ANS: B The nurse is required to sign the informed consent form as witness that the patient received pertinent information. Extra documentation is not required. 6 OBJ: 2 TOP: Informed consent 9. A diagnosis-related group (DRG) is: a. a standard used by health-care facilities to determine charges for health-care services. b. a medical condition classification system that determines what Medicare will pay for health-care services. c. the method that health-care agencies use to decide what health-care services are needed for patients. d. a system used by all insurance companies to determine what health-care services will be covered. CORRECT ANS: B DRGs are a government-mandated program that radically changed the face of health care by establishing strict rules for reimNbUuRrsSemIeNnGt.TB.COM REF: p. 21, Table 2-1 OBJ: 2 TOP: Policy setting 10. Prospective payment systems for health-care services: a. reimburse only preapproved treatments. b. pay only health-care providers under contract with the system to provide the lowest-priced services. c. require that health care be provided by preapproved health professionals. d. provide payment based on flat predetermined rates regardless of actual cost. CORRECT ANS: D Prospective payment systems are part of the efforts of managed care organizations to standardize and control costs of health care. REF: p. 23 TOP: Delivery of health care 11. To conform to the national trend in health care, health-care agencies of the future may need to depend on: a. accountants to implement cost-saving measures. b. legislators to set limits on health-care funding. c. nurses to plan and implement self-care education programs. d. insurance companies to provide more coverage for high-technology procedures. CORRECT ANS: C The focus of health care has changed from treatment to prevention. Health-care agencies may depend on self-care education to promote health and prevent disease as an effective cost-containment strategy. Nurses are ideally suited through education and experience to develop and implement these programs. REF: p. 24 OBJ: 6 TOP: Self-care KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA 12. Standards of practice are the foundations for: a. plans of care. b. insurance reimbursement. c. licensure. d. consumer protection laws. CORRECT ANS: D Standards of practice, which have evolved over the years, have been used as the foundation of laws relative to consumer protection. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Standards of care 13. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) provides for: a. health insurance for emerge n cy t re a tm e nt . b. confidentiality of medical information. c. payment for home health care. d. medical care for single mothers and their children. CORRECT ANS: B HIPAA provides for portability of health insurance, confidentiality of medical information, and coverage for preexisting conditions REF: p. 23, Table 2-1 TOP: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA 14. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 caused controversy because it mandated: a. limited treatment for specified illnesses. b. all recipients must have a picture identification card. c. strict confidentiality of all medical records and medical communications. d. health-care coverage for 32 million uninsured persons. CORRECT ANS: D The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 mandated care to 32 million uninsured persons, which would be financed from Medicare payroll taxes. REF: p. 22, Table 2-1 TOP: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA