HREDU82
Assessment 02
BEd Hons Research Project: “Promoting Diversity, Equity and
Transformation in Inclusive Education”
DUE DATE: 14 July 2025
HREDU82: Human Rights, Education and Transformation
Assignment 2: Literature Review
Student Name:
Student Number: [Insert Your Student Number]
Title: The Influence of Parental Involvement on Students' Academic Achievement in
Primary Schools
Word Count: 1900 words
1. Introduction and Background
The impact of the parental involvement on the academic performance and
social development of a student has remained the constant issue in the
educational research. Scholars in developed and developing nations have
determined that students are benefited in a significant way when the parents
, have a good involvement in their learning process. This participation involves
participating in school meetings, helping with homework, making the learning
environment at home good and communicating with teachers. Nevertheless,
the extent of such participation and its effects depends on a variety of
situational conditions including socioeconomic conditions, culture, and school
regulations.
This period is especially important because the basic -academic and social
skills are acquired at this stage. Children are found to have positive approach
towards school, better behaviour as well as improved academic performance
when parents are accommodative and supportive of learning in home
environment. Irrespective of these established benefits, effective
parentengagement is difficult to achieve due to a large number of barriers in
both the under-resourced as well as rural settings. The current literature
review expands on the problem statement submitted in Assignment 1 and
gives a critical synthesis of extant literature on the effect of parental
involvement on the academic achievement of learners at the primary school
level.
In dealing with different themes, this chapter large gathers themes available in
the recent and classical literature on the topic. It starts by providing a
definition of parental involvement and examining theories applied to research
it. It then refers to the direct influence of parental involvement on academic
achievements, outlines the obstacles to successful involvement, considers the
practices of schools engaging the parents and provides the reflection on the
role of parental involvement in the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end of the
review, the gaps of the research are presented as well as the location of a
given study in the context of the discipline of human rights as well as those of
educational transformation.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Conceptualising Parental Involvement
Active participation of parents in education of their children including school
and home is adapted in broad way as parental involvement. According to a
generally accepted model provided by Epstein (2001), the six types of
parental involvement listed are parenting, communicating (both school-related
and non-school related); volounteering; learning at home; decision-making
and working with the community. The multidimensional nature of parental
engagement emphasizes that parental involvement is not simply taking care
of homework, but encompassing such aspects of parental engagement as
creating a supportive environment in the home, being the school governors,
and working with teachers.
Fan and Chen (2001) make a difference between the tree of home-based and
school-based involvement and they propose the most beneficial variants of
involvement to participate in school life, giving an analysis of emotional
support, academic expectations, and active participating in school activity. In
the recent literature (Jeynes, 2018), even more, non-academic behaviours
Assessment 02
BEd Hons Research Project: “Promoting Diversity, Equity and
Transformation in Inclusive Education”
DUE DATE: 14 July 2025
HREDU82: Human Rights, Education and Transformation
Assignment 2: Literature Review
Student Name:
Student Number: [Insert Your Student Number]
Title: The Influence of Parental Involvement on Students' Academic Achievement in
Primary Schools
Word Count: 1900 words
1. Introduction and Background
The impact of the parental involvement on the academic performance and
social development of a student has remained the constant issue in the
educational research. Scholars in developed and developing nations have
determined that students are benefited in a significant way when the parents
, have a good involvement in their learning process. This participation involves
participating in school meetings, helping with homework, making the learning
environment at home good and communicating with teachers. Nevertheless,
the extent of such participation and its effects depends on a variety of
situational conditions including socioeconomic conditions, culture, and school
regulations.
This period is especially important because the basic -academic and social
skills are acquired at this stage. Children are found to have positive approach
towards school, better behaviour as well as improved academic performance
when parents are accommodative and supportive of learning in home
environment. Irrespective of these established benefits, effective
parentengagement is difficult to achieve due to a large number of barriers in
both the under-resourced as well as rural settings. The current literature
review expands on the problem statement submitted in Assignment 1 and
gives a critical synthesis of extant literature on the effect of parental
involvement on the academic achievement of learners at the primary school
level.
In dealing with different themes, this chapter large gathers themes available in
the recent and classical literature on the topic. It starts by providing a
definition of parental involvement and examining theories applied to research
it. It then refers to the direct influence of parental involvement on academic
achievements, outlines the obstacles to successful involvement, considers the
practices of schools engaging the parents and provides the reflection on the
role of parental involvement in the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end of the
review, the gaps of the research are presented as well as the location of a
given study in the context of the discipline of human rights as well as those of
educational transformation.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Conceptualising Parental Involvement
Active participation of parents in education of their children including school
and home is adapted in broad way as parental involvement. According to a
generally accepted model provided by Epstein (2001), the six types of
parental involvement listed are parenting, communicating (both school-related
and non-school related); volounteering; learning at home; decision-making
and working with the community. The multidimensional nature of parental
engagement emphasizes that parental involvement is not simply taking care
of homework, but encompassing such aspects of parental engagement as
creating a supportive environment in the home, being the school governors,
and working with teachers.
Fan and Chen (2001) make a difference between the tree of home-based and
school-based involvement and they propose the most beneficial variants of
involvement to participate in school life, giving an analysis of emotional
support, academic expectations, and active participating in school activity. In
the recent literature (Jeynes, 2018), even more, non-academic behaviours
