Pharmacology NR 293 exam 1 With complete solution Newest RATED A+ 2025/2026

Pharmacology NR 293 exam 1 With complete solution
Newest RATED A+ 2025/2026
Pharmacotherapeutics - Correct Answers is the use of medications to prevent illnesses or as an Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




intervention to treat diseases.
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Il` Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answers what the body does to a medication and entails four very Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` important processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug
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Il` Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answers explores what the drug does to the body. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` The nursing process - Correct Answers evidence-based framework that is used to guide
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Il` professional nursing practice. The nursing process consists of five steps: assessment, nursing
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Il` diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Critical decision making underscores the
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Il` nursing process in action. The nurse collects both subjective and objective information in utilizing
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Il` the steps of the nursing process. The nurse addresses the multifaceted concerns of the patient,
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Il` including physiological, psychological, spiritual, cultural, and socioeconomic needs.
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Il` Drug interactions - Correct Answers can occur at any time.
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The reasons that clients may experience drug interactions include
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polypharmacy: the simultaneous use multiple drugs; Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




patient's lack of knowledge of medication instructions; and
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interactions that may occur when taking over-the-counter and herbal supplements.
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Il` Strategies to Prevent Drug Interactions - Correct Answers The patient should understand the
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Il` reason for taking the medication, instructions for how to take the medication, and how long he or
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Il` she should take the medication.
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Encourage the patient to keep a current list of medications and bring it to each physician
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appointment.
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,Educate the patient about interactions with food and other medications that may increase or
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decrease efficacy.
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Support the patient in asking his or her healthcare provider and pharmacist to verify his or her
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medication list, and if supplements or herbal therapies interact.
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Have the patient return to demonstrate patient teaching regarding how to take the medications.
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Designate friends or family members to assist patients with medication administration when the
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patient has vision or memory problems.
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Incorporate the use of a pillbox, calendar, or storage containers with labels to assist with
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organizing medications.
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Discard old or expired medications.
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Il` Pharmacological responses - Correct Answers the physiological reactions that occur within the Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` body. These medication-body reactions may be therapeutic or toxic.
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Il` Administration Routes - Correct Answers There are two general types of drug administration Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` routes—enteral (via the GI tract) and parenteral (by injection). Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Common routes include oral (PO), intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SQ).
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Il` intravenous (IV) - Correct Answers Advantages: Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Complete absorption Il`




100% bioavailability
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Precise control of dosingIl` Il` Il`




Quick dilution of irritating drugs
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Disadvantages:

Irreversible administration Il`




Drug concentration, formulation, and rate of injection sensitivity
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Risks of overloading body fluid volume, infection, and embolism
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, Il` intramuscular (IM) - Correct Answers Advantages: Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




The use of poorly water-soluble drugs
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The use for depot drug formulation (e.g., Penicillin G)
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Disadvantages:

Discomfort and inconvenience Il` Il`




Local tissue injury caused by chronic administration
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Risk of nerve damage because of improper injection
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Moderate to low bioavailability Il` Il` Il`




Il` subcutaneous (SQ) - Correct Answers Advantages: Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




The use of poorly water-soluble drugs
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The use for depot drug formulation
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Disadvantages:

Discomfort and inconvenience Il` Il`




Local tissue injury caused by chronic administration
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Risk of nerve damage because of improper injection
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Moderate to low bioavailability Il` Il` Il`




Il` oral (PO) - Correct Answers Advantages:
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Convenient and inexpensive Il` Il`




Higher safety of administration
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Disadvantages:

Variability of drug absorption and difficulty of drug concentration control
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Inactivation of certain drugs because of acidic environment of the stomach (e.g., Penicillin G)
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and/or the liver "first-pass" effect (nitroglycerin)
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Patients consciousness requirement Il` Il`