EEN3700 Assessment 2 (Project) Answers Year 2025

Environmental Engineering (Civil)
Project


Title: Assessment of Water Pollution Sources and their
Environmental Impacts in a Local River



Year 2025

,TABLE OF CONTENTS


1.0 Introduction & Background ................................................................................................ 4

2.0 Study Area Description ....................................................................................................... 6

3. 0 Identification of Pollution Sources .................................................................................... 8

4.0 Analysis of Environmental Impacts .................................................................................. 11

5.0 Recommendations & Conclusion ...................................................................................... 12

6.0 References ......................................................................................................................... 13

, Declaration


I hereby declare that the project work entitled “Assessment of water Pollution Sources and
their Environmental Impacts in a Local River” is a record of an original work done by me. The
results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or Institute
for the award of any degree or diploma.




NAME……………………………………………... SURNAME…………………………………….



STUDENT NUMBER…………………………




SIGNATURE……………………………………. DATE………………………………………….

, 1.0 Introduction & Background


The uses we make of water in lakes, rivers, ponds, and streams is greatly influenced by the
quality of the water found in them. Activities such as fishing, swimming, boating, shipping,
and waste disposal have very different requirements for water quality. Water of a particularly
high quality is needed for potable water supplies. In many parts of the world, the introduction
of pollutants from human activity has seriously degraded water quality even to the extent of
turning pristine trout streams into foul open sewers with few life forms and fewer beneficial
uses.1

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses.2
It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers,
reservoirs and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants mix with these
water bodies. Contaminants can come from one of four main sources. These are sewage
discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban runoff including
stormwater.3

Sources of water pollution are either point sources or non-point sources.4 Domestic sewage
and industrial wastes are called point sources because they are generally collected by a
network of pipes or channels and conveyed to a single point of discharge into the receiving
water. Domestic sewage consists of wastes from homes, schools, office buildings, and stores.
Urban and agricultural runoff are characterized by multiple discharge points. These are called
non-point sources. Often the polluted water flows over the surface of the land or along
natural drainage channels to the nearest water body. Even when urban or agricultural runoff
waters are collected in pipes or channels, they are generally transported the shortest possible
distance for discharge, so that wastewater treatment at each outlet is not economically
feasible5


1
Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 5th Edition, Mackenzie L. Davis, David A. Cornwell,2020
2
"Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal. Von Sperling, Marcos (2007).
3
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Eckenfelder Jr WW (2000).
4
"Modeling the contribution of point sources and non-point sources to Thachin River water pollution.
Schaffner, Monika; Bader, Hans-Peter; Scheidegger, Ruth (August 15, 2009).
5
Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 5th Edition, Mackenzie L. Davis, David A. Cornwell,2020