BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
long ago did angiosperms originate? - ANSWERat least 140 million years ago
what are the two groups of angiosperms? - ANSWERmonocots and dicots
difference between angiosperms and germosperms? - ANSWERmore integuments
seed advantages in comparisons to spores? - ANSWERMulticellular, protection, and
nutrition
The bud is the starting point for what? - ANSWERthe leaf
What is the difference between a root and a shoot? - ANSWERroots don't have
nodes but shoots do.
each plant organ has what 3 tissue systems? - ANSWERdermal, vascular, and
ground tissues
the dermal tissue system consists of what? - ANSWERthe epidermis and periderm
dermal tissues do not have what? - ANSWERchloroplasts
dermal tissue is usually how many layers of tightly packed cells? - ANSWERone
what does the vascular tissue system do? - ANSWERcarries out long-distance
transport of materials between roots and shoots
the vascular tissue system consists of what two tissues? - ANSWERxylem and
phloem
what is the purpose for the xylem? - ANSWERconveys water and dissolved minerals
upward from roots into the shoots
what is the purpose for the phloem? - ANSWERtransports organic nutrients from
where they are made to where they are needed
what is ground tissue? - ANSWERIncludes various cells specialized for functions
such as storage, photosynthesis, and support
what is the mesophyll? - ANSWERThe ground tissue of a leaf is
sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis in the region
a plant is characterized by what? - ANSWERcellular differentation
,what is cellular differentiation? - ANSWERthe specialization of cells in structure and
function
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are water conducting cells where? -
ANSWERxylem
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are sugar conducting cells where? -
ANSWERphloem
is parenchyma living or dead? - ANSWERliving
is collenchyma living or dead? - ANSWERliving
is sclerenchyma living or dead? - ANSWERdead
sexual reproduction often depends on what? - ANSWERanimals
what are some biopolymers? - ANSWERstarch, cellulose
Plant Diversity, how Plants colonized land:
For more than the FIRST 3 BILLION YEARS of earths history the terrestrial surface
was what? - ANSWERlifeless
Since colonizing land
- Plants have diversified into roughly how many living species? - ANSWER290,000
Land plants evolved from what? - ANSWERgreen algae
Researchers have identified what as the closest relatives of land plants? -
ANSWERgreen algae called charophyceans
Many characteristics of land plants also appear in what? - ANSWERa variety of algal
clades
There are four key traits that land plants share only with charophyceans. what are
they? - ANSWER1. structure of flagellated sperm, 2. rose shaped complexes for
cellulose synthesis, 3. peroxisome enzymes (photorespiration), 4. formation of a
phragmoplast
what are peroxisomes? - ANSWERPeroxisomes are small (200 - 500 nm in radius)
vesicles in the
cytoplasm in which in many detoxification reactions take place
what genetic evidence point to charophyceans as the closest living relatives of land
plants? - ANSWERComparisons of both nuclear and chloroplast genes
what adaptations enable the move to land? - ANSWERIn charophyceans a layer of a
durable polymer called sporopollenin prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
, where can you find sporopollenin? - ANSWERCharophyceans, Spores of Mosses
and seedless plants, and Pollen of seed plants
sporopollenin is what and results from the composition of what? - ANSWERIt is a
biopolymer and results from the composition of different precursors.
what is a biopolymer? - ANSWERresults from the composition of different precursors
what is the precise composition of sporopollenin? - ANSWERIts precise composition
is unknown but it contains phenolic substances, fatty
acids, and phenylpropanoids
what are systematists? - ANSWERdefine the plant kingdom. Are currently debating
the boundaries of the plant kingdom
what derived adaptations allow the move to land? - ANSWERLand plants possess a
set of derived terrestrial adaptations
what 5 key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the
charophyceans? - ANSWER1. Apicalmeristems
2. Alternationofgenerations
3. Walled spores produced in sporangia
4. Multicellular gametangia
5. Multicellular dependent embryos
Alternation of generations has what 2 different generations? -
ANSWERHaploid+multicellular
Diploid+multicelluar
What additional derived units help survival on land? - ANSWERa cuticle and
secondary compounds, evolved in many plant species
what does fossil evidence show of the origin and diversification of plants? -
ANSWERIndicates that plants were on land at least 475
million years ago
What has been extracted from 475-million-year-old rocks? - ANSWERfossilized
spores and tissues
land plants can be informally grouped based on what? - ANSWERpresence or
absence of vascular tissue
what is vascular tissue? - ANSWERIs a complex conducting tissue to transport fluids
and nutrients internally
THE life cycles of mosses and other bryophytes are dominated by what? -
ANSWERthe gametophyte stage
Bryophytes are represented today by what three phyla of small herbaceous
(nonwoody) plants? - ANSWER1.Liverworts, phylum Hepatophyta
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
long ago did angiosperms originate? - ANSWERat least 140 million years ago
what are the two groups of angiosperms? - ANSWERmonocots and dicots
difference between angiosperms and germosperms? - ANSWERmore integuments
seed advantages in comparisons to spores? - ANSWERMulticellular, protection, and
nutrition
The bud is the starting point for what? - ANSWERthe leaf
What is the difference between a root and a shoot? - ANSWERroots don't have
nodes but shoots do.
each plant organ has what 3 tissue systems? - ANSWERdermal, vascular, and
ground tissues
the dermal tissue system consists of what? - ANSWERthe epidermis and periderm
dermal tissues do not have what? - ANSWERchloroplasts
dermal tissue is usually how many layers of tightly packed cells? - ANSWERone
what does the vascular tissue system do? - ANSWERcarries out long-distance
transport of materials between roots and shoots
the vascular tissue system consists of what two tissues? - ANSWERxylem and
phloem
what is the purpose for the xylem? - ANSWERconveys water and dissolved minerals
upward from roots into the shoots
what is the purpose for the phloem? - ANSWERtransports organic nutrients from
where they are made to where they are needed
what is ground tissue? - ANSWERIncludes various cells specialized for functions
such as storage, photosynthesis, and support
what is the mesophyll? - ANSWERThe ground tissue of a leaf is
sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis in the region
a plant is characterized by what? - ANSWERcellular differentation
,what is cellular differentiation? - ANSWERthe specialization of cells in structure and
function
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are water conducting cells where? -
ANSWERxylem
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are sugar conducting cells where? -
ANSWERphloem
is parenchyma living or dead? - ANSWERliving
is collenchyma living or dead? - ANSWERliving
is sclerenchyma living or dead? - ANSWERdead
sexual reproduction often depends on what? - ANSWERanimals
what are some biopolymers? - ANSWERstarch, cellulose
Plant Diversity, how Plants colonized land:
For more than the FIRST 3 BILLION YEARS of earths history the terrestrial surface
was what? - ANSWERlifeless
Since colonizing land
- Plants have diversified into roughly how many living species? - ANSWER290,000
Land plants evolved from what? - ANSWERgreen algae
Researchers have identified what as the closest relatives of land plants? -
ANSWERgreen algae called charophyceans
Many characteristics of land plants also appear in what? - ANSWERa variety of algal
clades
There are four key traits that land plants share only with charophyceans. what are
they? - ANSWER1. structure of flagellated sperm, 2. rose shaped complexes for
cellulose synthesis, 3. peroxisome enzymes (photorespiration), 4. formation of a
phragmoplast
what are peroxisomes? - ANSWERPeroxisomes are small (200 - 500 nm in radius)
vesicles in the
cytoplasm in which in many detoxification reactions take place
what genetic evidence point to charophyceans as the closest living relatives of land
plants? - ANSWERComparisons of both nuclear and chloroplast genes
what adaptations enable the move to land? - ANSWERIn charophyceans a layer of a
durable polymer called sporopollenin prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
, where can you find sporopollenin? - ANSWERCharophyceans, Spores of Mosses
and seedless plants, and Pollen of seed plants
sporopollenin is what and results from the composition of what? - ANSWERIt is a
biopolymer and results from the composition of different precursors.
what is a biopolymer? - ANSWERresults from the composition of different precursors
what is the precise composition of sporopollenin? - ANSWERIts precise composition
is unknown but it contains phenolic substances, fatty
acids, and phenylpropanoids
what are systematists? - ANSWERdefine the plant kingdom. Are currently debating
the boundaries of the plant kingdom
what derived adaptations allow the move to land? - ANSWERLand plants possess a
set of derived terrestrial adaptations
what 5 key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the
charophyceans? - ANSWER1. Apicalmeristems
2. Alternationofgenerations
3. Walled spores produced in sporangia
4. Multicellular gametangia
5. Multicellular dependent embryos
Alternation of generations has what 2 different generations? -
ANSWERHaploid+multicellular
Diploid+multicelluar
What additional derived units help survival on land? - ANSWERa cuticle and
secondary compounds, evolved in many plant species
what does fossil evidence show of the origin and diversification of plants? -
ANSWERIndicates that plants were on land at least 475
million years ago
What has been extracted from 475-million-year-old rocks? - ANSWERfossilized
spores and tissues
land plants can be informally grouped based on what? - ANSWERpresence or
absence of vascular tissue
what is vascular tissue? - ANSWERIs a complex conducting tissue to transport fluids
and nutrients internally
THE life cycles of mosses and other bryophytes are dominated by what? -
ANSWERthe gametophyte stage
Bryophytes are represented today by what three phyla of small herbaceous
(nonwoody) plants? - ANSWER1.Liverworts, phylum Hepatophyta
