Biochemistry WGU Exam A+ Pass
Verified New Update
Amino Acid backbone consists of - Answer ✔✔- 1. Amino group
2. Carboxyl group
3. Alpha carbon
4. R group
Amino group: looks likes/consists of - Answer ✔✔- NH3+
Carboxyl group looks like/consists of - Answer ✔✔- coo-
Alpha carbon looks like/consists of - Answer ✔✔- CH
The three Amino acid categories - Answer ✔✔- 1. Hydrophobic (nonpolar)
2. Polar
3. Charged
Hydrophobic Amino Acids - Answer ✔✔- non polar
afraid of h20
usually in the middle/core of the protein
contains H + C... C-C, or C-H
Polar Amino Acids - Answer ✔✔- ELECTRONEGATIVE
contains O + H... O-H. NH, SH
Charged Amino Acids - Answer ✔✔- either negative or positive Ionic
Amino Acid Protein structure levels - Answer ✔✔- 1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. quaternary
what level do all proteins have - Answer ✔✔- tertiary
Primary level of protein/amino acid - Answer ✔✔- held together with peptide bonds.
peptide bonds hold amino acids together which forms polypeptide chains when multiple
amino acids are attached together
Secondary Level of protein/Amino acid - Answer ✔✔- forms hydrogen bonds with the
amino back bone
,Tertiary Level of protein/amino acid - Answer ✔✔- The R groups interact to create the
three dimensional shape
Quaternary Level of protein/amino acid - Answer ✔✔- two or more subunits . Not all
proteins have a quaternary structure.. this is where multiple amino acids are attached by
polypeptide chains
hydrophobic interactions - Answer ✔✔- weak. Can be broken with change in temp.
(increasing temp)
if in the center of the protein, they are stronger
aggregation - Answer ✔✔- occurs due to hydrophobic interactions..
when hydrophobic interaction is broken, they bind to other hydrophobic amino acids.
(boiling an egg)
Hydrogen bonds - Answer ✔✔- bond with O or N
weak. but the more bonds formed the more strength there is.
broke by increased temp and change in PH
disulfide bond - Answer ✔✔- covalent bond. two sulfur atoms
only cysteine forms this bond.
very strong. not easily broken
only broken by reducing agents
Ionic bond - Answer ✔✔- occur by opposite charges
+ attracts -
moderately strong.
broken by change in ph, or salt. increased salt competes with the ionic bond.
enzymes - Answer ✔✔- protein catalyst that help protein reactions happen quickly.
binds to active site
active site - Answer ✔✔- where the substrate binds. forming a complex. (enzyme
molecule complex)
activation energy - Answer ✔✔- lowers the amount of energy needed to get the product.
catalyzed reaction
enzyme catalyzed reaction - Answer ✔✔- activation energy is less for the catalyzed
reaction
enzyme - Answer ✔✔- ends in ASE
, substrate - Answer ✔✔- is always before the arrow of the reaction. they can become
products
affinity - Answer ✔✔- an attraction to
myoglobin - Answer ✔✔- higher affinity than hemoglobin.
job is to store o2
has one subunit which binds to one heme group o2 and that o2 has one iron
hemoglobin - Answer ✔✔- picks up o2 from lungs and delivers to tissues
has four subunits (proteins) and each one binds to one heme group o2 and each o2 has
one iron
cooperatively
which class of amino acids is most likely to be located on the exterior of hemoglobin.
why - Answer ✔✔- Polar or charged.
sickle cell anemia results when someone inherits 2 mutant copies of the HBB gene,
which is on chromosome 11. what is the mode of inheritance. - Answer ✔✔- autosomal
recessive
autosomal recessive - Answer ✔✔- you have to get 2 mutated genes to have the
disease
autosomal dominant - Answer ✔✔- you can get only one mutated gene and still have
the disease
in the lung what do we want hgb to do - Answer ✔✔- pick up o2.
relaxed state
high ph: low co2. low H+
high affinity
in the muscle what do we want hgb to do - Answer ✔✔- drop off o2.
low affinity .
tense state
low ph: high co2, high H+
hemoglobin: oxygenated location - Answer ✔✔- lungs
stabilized by co2
Hemoglobin DeOxygenated location - Answer ✔✔- muscle
stabilized by 2,3-BPG
Bohr effect - Answer ✔✔- higher ph has higher % hgb saturated
Verified New Update
Amino Acid backbone consists of - Answer ✔✔- 1. Amino group
2. Carboxyl group
3. Alpha carbon
4. R group
Amino group: looks likes/consists of - Answer ✔✔- NH3+
Carboxyl group looks like/consists of - Answer ✔✔- coo-
Alpha carbon looks like/consists of - Answer ✔✔- CH
The three Amino acid categories - Answer ✔✔- 1. Hydrophobic (nonpolar)
2. Polar
3. Charged
Hydrophobic Amino Acids - Answer ✔✔- non polar
afraid of h20
usually in the middle/core of the protein
contains H + C... C-C, or C-H
Polar Amino Acids - Answer ✔✔- ELECTRONEGATIVE
contains O + H... O-H. NH, SH
Charged Amino Acids - Answer ✔✔- either negative or positive Ionic
Amino Acid Protein structure levels - Answer ✔✔- 1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. quaternary
what level do all proteins have - Answer ✔✔- tertiary
Primary level of protein/amino acid - Answer ✔✔- held together with peptide bonds.
peptide bonds hold amino acids together which forms polypeptide chains when multiple
amino acids are attached together
Secondary Level of protein/Amino acid - Answer ✔✔- forms hydrogen bonds with the
amino back bone
,Tertiary Level of protein/amino acid - Answer ✔✔- The R groups interact to create the
three dimensional shape
Quaternary Level of protein/amino acid - Answer ✔✔- two or more subunits . Not all
proteins have a quaternary structure.. this is where multiple amino acids are attached by
polypeptide chains
hydrophobic interactions - Answer ✔✔- weak. Can be broken with change in temp.
(increasing temp)
if in the center of the protein, they are stronger
aggregation - Answer ✔✔- occurs due to hydrophobic interactions..
when hydrophobic interaction is broken, they bind to other hydrophobic amino acids.
(boiling an egg)
Hydrogen bonds - Answer ✔✔- bond with O or N
weak. but the more bonds formed the more strength there is.
broke by increased temp and change in PH
disulfide bond - Answer ✔✔- covalent bond. two sulfur atoms
only cysteine forms this bond.
very strong. not easily broken
only broken by reducing agents
Ionic bond - Answer ✔✔- occur by opposite charges
+ attracts -
moderately strong.
broken by change in ph, or salt. increased salt competes with the ionic bond.
enzymes - Answer ✔✔- protein catalyst that help protein reactions happen quickly.
binds to active site
active site - Answer ✔✔- where the substrate binds. forming a complex. (enzyme
molecule complex)
activation energy - Answer ✔✔- lowers the amount of energy needed to get the product.
catalyzed reaction
enzyme catalyzed reaction - Answer ✔✔- activation energy is less for the catalyzed
reaction
enzyme - Answer ✔✔- ends in ASE
, substrate - Answer ✔✔- is always before the arrow of the reaction. they can become
products
affinity - Answer ✔✔- an attraction to
myoglobin - Answer ✔✔- higher affinity than hemoglobin.
job is to store o2
has one subunit which binds to one heme group o2 and that o2 has one iron
hemoglobin - Answer ✔✔- picks up o2 from lungs and delivers to tissues
has four subunits (proteins) and each one binds to one heme group o2 and each o2 has
one iron
cooperatively
which class of amino acids is most likely to be located on the exterior of hemoglobin.
why - Answer ✔✔- Polar or charged.
sickle cell anemia results when someone inherits 2 mutant copies of the HBB gene,
which is on chromosome 11. what is the mode of inheritance. - Answer ✔✔- autosomal
recessive
autosomal recessive - Answer ✔✔- you have to get 2 mutated genes to have the
disease
autosomal dominant - Answer ✔✔- you can get only one mutated gene and still have
the disease
in the lung what do we want hgb to do - Answer ✔✔- pick up o2.
relaxed state
high ph: low co2. low H+
high affinity
in the muscle what do we want hgb to do - Answer ✔✔- drop off o2.
low affinity .
tense state
low ph: high co2, high H+
hemoglobin: oxygenated location - Answer ✔✔- lungs
stabilized by co2
Hemoglobin DeOxygenated location - Answer ✔✔- muscle
stabilized by 2,3-BPG
Bohr effect - Answer ✔✔- higher ph has higher % hgb saturated
