AQA PHYSICS - PAPER 1 EXAM | VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% |2025
What are the 8 energy stores? - ✔✔Thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic
potential, chemical, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear
What is an open system? - ✔✔A system that can exchange both energy and matter with
its surroundings.
What is a closed system? - ✔✔A system that cannot exchange energy or matter with its
surroundings.
What are the 2 ways work can be done and what are they? - ✔✔Mechanically - force to
move an object
Electronically - when current flows
What is the law of conservation of energy? - ✔✔Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
only transferred from one store to another.
What is kinetic energy? - ✔✔The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
As an object's mass increases what happens to its kinetic energy? - ✔✔It's kinetic
energy increases
As an object's speed increases what happens to its kinetic energy? - ✔✔Its kinetic
energy increases
What is gravity? - ✔✔The force of attraction between two objects with mass.
What is gravity dependent on? - ✔✔Mass and the distance in between them
What is a gravitational field? - ✔✔A field of influence on nearby objects.
What is gravitational field strength? - ✔✔The strength of the gravitational field.
What is the gravitational field strength on Earth? - ✔✔9.8 N/kg
What is the gravitational field strength on the Moon? - ✔✔1.6 N/kg
What is the force of attraction? - ✔✔Weight (N)
When an object's GPE is at its maximum, what it it's KE at? - ✔✔It's minimum
When an object's KE is at its maximum, what it it's GPE at? - ✔✔It's minimum
, What is internal energy? - ✔✔The energy stored by the particles that make up a system
or substance.
What is internal energy composed of? - ✔✔Made of GPE and KE stores
What is specific heat capacity? - ✔✔The amount of energy required to increase the
temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1oC.
What is specific heat capacity also known as? - ✔✔The energy released as a substance
cools.
What is the specific heat capacity of water? - ✔✔4200 J/KgC
What are the 3 ways heat is transferred? - ✔✔Conduction, convection, radiation
What is conduction? - ✔✔The transfer of energy to nearby particles through vibration.
What does conduction occur in? - ✔✔Solids
What are the 3 steps of conduction? - ✔✔Heat makes particles vibrate - more KE
More frequent + stronger collisions - more KE + heat transfer
Heat spread out evenly
What is thermal conductivity? - ✔✔How well objects transfer energy by conduction.
Do metals have a high or low conductivity? - ✔✔High conductivity
Do plastics have a high or low conductivity? - ✔✔Low conductivity
What is convection? - ✔✔The transfer of energy through the movement of particles in a
fluid.
What does convection occur in? - ✔✔Liquids and gases
What are the 3 steps of convection? - ✔✔Heat makes particles move faster
More energetic particles diffuse to cooler area randomly
Hot areas = sparse, cold areas = dense
What is thermal expansion? - ✔✔The expanding of matter when it's heated.
What is a convection current? - ✔✔The cycle of heated particles that rise and cooled
particles that fall.
What are the 8 energy stores? - ✔✔Thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic
potential, chemical, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear
What is an open system? - ✔✔A system that can exchange both energy and matter with
its surroundings.
What is a closed system? - ✔✔A system that cannot exchange energy or matter with its
surroundings.
What are the 2 ways work can be done and what are they? - ✔✔Mechanically - force to
move an object
Electronically - when current flows
What is the law of conservation of energy? - ✔✔Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
only transferred from one store to another.
What is kinetic energy? - ✔✔The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
As an object's mass increases what happens to its kinetic energy? - ✔✔It's kinetic
energy increases
As an object's speed increases what happens to its kinetic energy? - ✔✔Its kinetic
energy increases
What is gravity? - ✔✔The force of attraction between two objects with mass.
What is gravity dependent on? - ✔✔Mass and the distance in between them
What is a gravitational field? - ✔✔A field of influence on nearby objects.
What is gravitational field strength? - ✔✔The strength of the gravitational field.
What is the gravitational field strength on Earth? - ✔✔9.8 N/kg
What is the gravitational field strength on the Moon? - ✔✔1.6 N/kg
What is the force of attraction? - ✔✔Weight (N)
When an object's GPE is at its maximum, what it it's KE at? - ✔✔It's minimum
When an object's KE is at its maximum, what it it's GPE at? - ✔✔It's minimum
, What is internal energy? - ✔✔The energy stored by the particles that make up a system
or substance.
What is internal energy composed of? - ✔✔Made of GPE and KE stores
What is specific heat capacity? - ✔✔The amount of energy required to increase the
temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1oC.
What is specific heat capacity also known as? - ✔✔The energy released as a substance
cools.
What is the specific heat capacity of water? - ✔✔4200 J/KgC
What are the 3 ways heat is transferred? - ✔✔Conduction, convection, radiation
What is conduction? - ✔✔The transfer of energy to nearby particles through vibration.
What does conduction occur in? - ✔✔Solids
What are the 3 steps of conduction? - ✔✔Heat makes particles vibrate - more KE
More frequent + stronger collisions - more KE + heat transfer
Heat spread out evenly
What is thermal conductivity? - ✔✔How well objects transfer energy by conduction.
Do metals have a high or low conductivity? - ✔✔High conductivity
Do plastics have a high or low conductivity? - ✔✔Low conductivity
What is convection? - ✔✔The transfer of energy through the movement of particles in a
fluid.
What does convection occur in? - ✔✔Liquids and gases
What are the 3 steps of convection? - ✔✔Heat makes particles move faster
More energetic particles diffuse to cooler area randomly
Hot areas = sparse, cold areas = dense
What is thermal expansion? - ✔✔The expanding of matter when it's heated.
What is a convection current? - ✔✔The cycle of heated particles that rise and cooled
particles that fall.
