NFDN 2003 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | RATED A+

NFDN 2003 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS | RATED A+
Signs and Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER -- headache

- decreased BP

- *hyperkalemia*

- *muscle twitching*

- warm, flushed skin (vasodilation)

- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

- changes in LOC, confusion, increase in drowsiness

- *Kussmal respirations (compensatory hyperventilation)*



Signs and Symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER -- restlessness, followed by
lethargy

- dysrhythmias, tachycardia

- *compensatory hypoventilation*

- confusion, decreased LOC, dizzy, irritable

- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

- *tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes*

- *hypokalemia*



Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER -- hypoventilation --> hypoxia

- rapid, shallow respirations

- decrease BP with vasodilation

- dypsnea

- headache

, - hyperkalemia

- dysrhythmias,

- muscle weakness

- drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation



Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER --seizures

-deep, rapid breathing

-hyperventilation

-tachycardia

-decreased or normal BP

-hypokalemia

-numbness and tingling of extremities

-lethargy and confusion

-light headedness

-nausea, vomiting



isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER --Osmolality close to that of the blood plasma and do not cause
red blood cells to swell or shrink



-Adds volume*



◦Same salt concentration as the normal cells in the

body and blood



hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER --Osmolality higher than that of the serum (Higher salt
concentration than normal cells and blood)