Comprehensive Nursing Study Guide
and Key Concepts exam 2025
Advance Directives - correct answers Result of the Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991:
every patient has a right to accept or refuse any medical treatment.
MA: MOLST - correct answers MA Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment
(Document that is most helpful in determining what a client's healthcare wishes are).
Informed Consent - correct answers Three elements: HCP involved in the procedure: MD
or surgeon, must explain in terms the patient can understand the diagnosis, the proposed
treatment and who will perform it. Risks and complications of treatment, alternative
treatments, and the prognosis without treatment should be included.
Consent Requirements - correct answers Consent must be signed prior to administration
of analgesics or sedatives and must be voluntary.
Delegation - correct answers You cannot delegate certain things to unlicensed personnel:
cannot delegate any task that needs assessment, intervention or teaching.
Change of Shift Report - correct answers Please include Code Status and must talk about
any changes including mental status (SBAR).
Patient Falls - correct answers If the patient falls, do not move the patient, stay with them
until the assessment is complete, notify the appropriate people, complete a safety report,
and make sure to assess at designated intervals.
Morse Fall Scale - correct answers Use a tool like Morse Fall Scale: assess history of falls,
medication review, alcohol use, gait and balance screening, use or assistive aids.
,Comprehensive Nursing Study Guide
and Key Concepts exam 2025
Bleeds Symptoms - correct answers Subarachnoid: fast- symptoms will occur within a few
minutes to hours; subdural: slow- symptoms may occur in 48 hours.
Incident Reporting - correct answers Patient or employee injury and near miss medication
error.
CDC Guidelines - correct answers CDC gives the guidelines for precautions.
Contact Precautions - correct answers Gloves, gown, MRSA, VRE, scabies.
Airborne Precautions - correct answers Special room, fit-tested HEPA mask to wear (you
must be fitted for this), measles, and TB.
Droplet Precautions - correct answers Mask within 3 feet of a patient, influenza.
Heart Failure Symptoms - correct answers Know signs and symptoms of Left and Right-
sided heart failure.
Fluid Volume Excess Symptoms - correct answers Signs and symptoms of fluid excess:
rales, increased blood pressure, edema, increased jugular vein distention.
Diuretics Side Effects - correct answers Loop furosemide-side effects-hypokalemia (signs
and symptoms).
Foods High in Potassium - correct answers Bananas, cantaloupe, and strawberries (if
potassium is low but in the normal range of 3.5-5.0 foods high in potassium may be
recommended with follow up).
, Comprehensive Nursing Study Guide
and Key Concepts exam 2025
Potassium Sparing Diuretics - correct answers Watch for signs and symptoms of
hyperkalemia-medication polystyrene sulfonate medication given orally or rectally to
decrease potassium levels.
Ileostomy - correct answers Liquid makes patients prone to fluid volume deficit (note the
fluid from an ileostomy contains digestive juices and will cause irritation to the skin).
Tube Feedings - correct answers Give free water boluses to decrease sodium level:
example, give 240 mL water with each medication pass.
GI Suction Risk - correct answers Patient is at risk for metabolic alkalosis: all the HCl is
removed.
Colonoscopy Prep - correct answers Glycol-electrolyte solution: patients will have
excessive diarrhea- they need to be told this.
Peptic ulcer - correct answers look up when they feel the pain: if the ulcer bursts: extreme
pain and a rigid, board-like abdominal pain
Gastrectomy - correct answers potential for pernicious anemia: need monthly injections
of Vitamin B 12; potential for Dumping Syndrome: know steps to prevent dumping like
small frequent meals, limit the fluids taken with meals
Gastritis - correct answers inflammation of gastric mucosa (most common cause NSAIDs)
Cirrhosis of the liver - correct answers high ammonia levels: treat with lactulose, low
protein diets
and Key Concepts exam 2025
Advance Directives - correct answers Result of the Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991:
every patient has a right to accept or refuse any medical treatment.
MA: MOLST - correct answers MA Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment
(Document that is most helpful in determining what a client's healthcare wishes are).
Informed Consent - correct answers Three elements: HCP involved in the procedure: MD
or surgeon, must explain in terms the patient can understand the diagnosis, the proposed
treatment and who will perform it. Risks and complications of treatment, alternative
treatments, and the prognosis without treatment should be included.
Consent Requirements - correct answers Consent must be signed prior to administration
of analgesics or sedatives and must be voluntary.
Delegation - correct answers You cannot delegate certain things to unlicensed personnel:
cannot delegate any task that needs assessment, intervention or teaching.
Change of Shift Report - correct answers Please include Code Status and must talk about
any changes including mental status (SBAR).
Patient Falls - correct answers If the patient falls, do not move the patient, stay with them
until the assessment is complete, notify the appropriate people, complete a safety report,
and make sure to assess at designated intervals.
Morse Fall Scale - correct answers Use a tool like Morse Fall Scale: assess history of falls,
medication review, alcohol use, gait and balance screening, use or assistive aids.
,Comprehensive Nursing Study Guide
and Key Concepts exam 2025
Bleeds Symptoms - correct answers Subarachnoid: fast- symptoms will occur within a few
minutes to hours; subdural: slow- symptoms may occur in 48 hours.
Incident Reporting - correct answers Patient or employee injury and near miss medication
error.
CDC Guidelines - correct answers CDC gives the guidelines for precautions.
Contact Precautions - correct answers Gloves, gown, MRSA, VRE, scabies.
Airborne Precautions - correct answers Special room, fit-tested HEPA mask to wear (you
must be fitted for this), measles, and TB.
Droplet Precautions - correct answers Mask within 3 feet of a patient, influenza.
Heart Failure Symptoms - correct answers Know signs and symptoms of Left and Right-
sided heart failure.
Fluid Volume Excess Symptoms - correct answers Signs and symptoms of fluid excess:
rales, increased blood pressure, edema, increased jugular vein distention.
Diuretics Side Effects - correct answers Loop furosemide-side effects-hypokalemia (signs
and symptoms).
Foods High in Potassium - correct answers Bananas, cantaloupe, and strawberries (if
potassium is low but in the normal range of 3.5-5.0 foods high in potassium may be
recommended with follow up).
, Comprehensive Nursing Study Guide
and Key Concepts exam 2025
Potassium Sparing Diuretics - correct answers Watch for signs and symptoms of
hyperkalemia-medication polystyrene sulfonate medication given orally or rectally to
decrease potassium levels.
Ileostomy - correct answers Liquid makes patients prone to fluid volume deficit (note the
fluid from an ileostomy contains digestive juices and will cause irritation to the skin).
Tube Feedings - correct answers Give free water boluses to decrease sodium level:
example, give 240 mL water with each medication pass.
GI Suction Risk - correct answers Patient is at risk for metabolic alkalosis: all the HCl is
removed.
Colonoscopy Prep - correct answers Glycol-electrolyte solution: patients will have
excessive diarrhea- they need to be told this.
Peptic ulcer - correct answers look up when they feel the pain: if the ulcer bursts: extreme
pain and a rigid, board-like abdominal pain
Gastrectomy - correct answers potential for pernicious anemia: need monthly injections
of Vitamin B 12; potential for Dumping Syndrome: know steps to prevent dumping like
small frequent meals, limit the fluids taken with meals
Gastritis - correct answers inflammation of gastric mucosa (most common cause NSAIDs)
Cirrhosis of the liver - correct answers high ammonia levels: treat with lactulose, low
protein diets
