Nursing Examination with correct
answers
How should a patient be positioned for an epidural? ✅✅Lateral or sitting position, with
back arched to widen intervertebral spaces.
Where is an epidural inserted? ✅✅Placed into the dural space surrounding the spinal
cord, between the L2 and L4 vertebrae.
What are the assessments required with an epidural? ✅✅Vitals, Pain assessment,
Neuro Observations and Urine Output measurements.
What is the expected time response for Urgent Medical Review, MET call, Code Blue?
✅✅30 mins, 5 mins, under 2 mins
What needs to be documented during a code blue? ✅✅Time started, Time stopped,
number of shocks, number of compressions, what medications have been administered
and how much, airway devices used, if the NOK has been contacted and the outcome.
What are the contraindications of HFNP? ✅✅Severe upper airway obstruction,
pneumothorax, facial trauma.
What are the Benefits of Nasal Humidification? ✅✅Comfort, prevents dryness and
irritation, prevents thickening secretions and improves oxygenation.
What is humidification? ✅✅Adding moisture to air to keep the respiratory tract moist.
What is nebulisation? ✅✅Converting liquid medication into a mist that is inhaled in
the lungs for direct treatment.
What is the difference of cuffed vs uncuffed tracheostomies? ✅✅Cuffed provides a
secure seal and prevents aspiration, uncuffed is used with patients that have a low risk
of aspiration.
What is the emergency equipment for a tracheostomy? ✅✅A spare tracheostomy one
the same size and then one smaller,
Manual resuscitation bag,
Suction equipment,
Oxygen delivery devices,
Manometer,
Dressing supplies.
What are the indications for chest drainage + UWSD? ✅✅Trauma, pneumothorax,
hemopneumothorax, pleural effusions, recent surgery.
, How does an UWSD work? ✅✅Removes air/fluid from the pleural space into the
collection chamber, tube in the chest is submerged in water that prevents air from
entering the pleural space during inhalation called the water seal chamber, and
suctioning is used to pull all the fluids out of the lungs called the suction control
chamber.
What are the safety considerations for an UWSD? ✅✅Ensure there is no kinking or
tubing, no dislodgement, maintain the gravity-dependent drainage, monitor for air leaks,
watch dressing for signs of infection or leakage, ensure 2 Kelly clamps are present.
What are Kelly Clamps used for? ✅✅They temporarily close the drain tubing in
situations such as removal of the drain, managing large fluid drainage, assessing for
leaks, changing the system, when the drain system is being elevated.
What are the assessments associated with an UWSD? ✅✅Skin assessment,
respiratory assessment, Lines assessment, assess for leaks, drainage volume + colour.
What is subcutaneous emphysema? ✅✅When air is trapped in the subcutaneous
tissue, visible as bulging/swelling under the skin, crackling sound when palpated and is
most commonly due to trauma/injury.
What is the risk of subcutaneous emphysema? ✅✅Respiratory distress, airway
compression, pneumothorax, skin necrosis
What is tidalling in and UWSD? ✅✅Fluctuations in the water in the water seal
chamber that occur with breathing, water should rise on inhalation.
What indicates a leak in the UWSD? ✅✅Bubbling in the water seal chamber, only
when the patient coughs or breathes out suggests a smaller leak while consistent
bubbling suggests a large leak.
Why is tension pneumothorax threatening? ✅✅Buildup of air in chest cavity
compresses vital structures like the heart and lungs leading to respiratory and cardiac
collapse.
What is the ideal patient position for removal of a CVAD? ✅✅Supine or semi-fowlers,
increases venous pressure to decrease risk of air embolism.
What is the difference between a CVC, PICC, Portacath and Hickman? ✅✅CVC-
Short-term use in ICU or emergency situations
PICC- More long-term antibiotics, TPN or chemo
Portacath- Long-term intermittent use, chemo
Hickman- Long-term access, lower infection risk
answers
How should a patient be positioned for an epidural? ✅✅Lateral or sitting position, with
back arched to widen intervertebral spaces.
Where is an epidural inserted? ✅✅Placed into the dural space surrounding the spinal
cord, between the L2 and L4 vertebrae.
What are the assessments required with an epidural? ✅✅Vitals, Pain assessment,
Neuro Observations and Urine Output measurements.
What is the expected time response for Urgent Medical Review, MET call, Code Blue?
✅✅30 mins, 5 mins, under 2 mins
What needs to be documented during a code blue? ✅✅Time started, Time stopped,
number of shocks, number of compressions, what medications have been administered
and how much, airway devices used, if the NOK has been contacted and the outcome.
What are the contraindications of HFNP? ✅✅Severe upper airway obstruction,
pneumothorax, facial trauma.
What are the Benefits of Nasal Humidification? ✅✅Comfort, prevents dryness and
irritation, prevents thickening secretions and improves oxygenation.
What is humidification? ✅✅Adding moisture to air to keep the respiratory tract moist.
What is nebulisation? ✅✅Converting liquid medication into a mist that is inhaled in
the lungs for direct treatment.
What is the difference of cuffed vs uncuffed tracheostomies? ✅✅Cuffed provides a
secure seal and prevents aspiration, uncuffed is used with patients that have a low risk
of aspiration.
What is the emergency equipment for a tracheostomy? ✅✅A spare tracheostomy one
the same size and then one smaller,
Manual resuscitation bag,
Suction equipment,
Oxygen delivery devices,
Manometer,
Dressing supplies.
What are the indications for chest drainage + UWSD? ✅✅Trauma, pneumothorax,
hemopneumothorax, pleural effusions, recent surgery.
, How does an UWSD work? ✅✅Removes air/fluid from the pleural space into the
collection chamber, tube in the chest is submerged in water that prevents air from
entering the pleural space during inhalation called the water seal chamber, and
suctioning is used to pull all the fluids out of the lungs called the suction control
chamber.
What are the safety considerations for an UWSD? ✅✅Ensure there is no kinking or
tubing, no dislodgement, maintain the gravity-dependent drainage, monitor for air leaks,
watch dressing for signs of infection or leakage, ensure 2 Kelly clamps are present.
What are Kelly Clamps used for? ✅✅They temporarily close the drain tubing in
situations such as removal of the drain, managing large fluid drainage, assessing for
leaks, changing the system, when the drain system is being elevated.
What are the assessments associated with an UWSD? ✅✅Skin assessment,
respiratory assessment, Lines assessment, assess for leaks, drainage volume + colour.
What is subcutaneous emphysema? ✅✅When air is trapped in the subcutaneous
tissue, visible as bulging/swelling under the skin, crackling sound when palpated and is
most commonly due to trauma/injury.
What is the risk of subcutaneous emphysema? ✅✅Respiratory distress, airway
compression, pneumothorax, skin necrosis
What is tidalling in and UWSD? ✅✅Fluctuations in the water in the water seal
chamber that occur with breathing, water should rise on inhalation.
What indicates a leak in the UWSD? ✅✅Bubbling in the water seal chamber, only
when the patient coughs or breathes out suggests a smaller leak while consistent
bubbling suggests a large leak.
Why is tension pneumothorax threatening? ✅✅Buildup of air in chest cavity
compresses vital structures like the heart and lungs leading to respiratory and cardiac
collapse.
What is the ideal patient position for removal of a CVAD? ✅✅Supine or semi-fowlers,
increases venous pressure to decrease risk of air embolism.
What is the difference between a CVC, PICC, Portacath and Hickman? ✅✅CVC-
Short-term use in ICU or emergency situations
PICC- More long-term antibiotics, TPN or chemo
Portacath- Long-term intermittent use, chemo
Hickman- Long-term access, lower infection risk
