CAT
THEORY
GRADE 11
(Based on Study Opportunities
Textbook)
,Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1.1: IT’S ALL ABOUT ITC ................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER 1.2: INPUT AND OUTPUT ............................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 1.3: STORAGE, MEMORY & PROCESSING...................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 1.4: SOFTWARE ........................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 1.5: COMPUTER MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 22
CHAPTER 1.6: THE DARK SIDE OF COMPUTING ............................................................................ 25
CHAPTER 2.1: LOCAL AREA NETWORKS ....................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER 2.2: THE BROWSING EXPERIENCE ................................................................................. 30
CHAPTER 2.3: ONLINE LIFESTYLE ................................................................................................. 32
CHAPTER 2.4: MANAGING E-MAIL .............................................................................................. 38
2
,Chapter 1.1: It’s all about ITC
In the workplace /business ICT allows us to:
• Work wherever we have a computer & internet
• Communicate more effectively with both employees & customers
• Store & process more data
• Identify & adapt to change e.g. sales
• Perform tasks that are difficult/dangerous for humans to do
• Perform repetitive mechanical actions with consistent quality
• Empower individuals
• Do things more quickly & will less manpower
Negatives of ICT in workplace:
• Hard to have private time as can always be contacted for work related tasks
• Requires constant upgrading of skills, hardware & software
• Can result in large pools of staff being replaced by smaller pools of skilled ICT
workers
• May need to work longer hours
Jobs that use ICT:
• Fashion, game & web designers, engineers
• Doctors & healthcare professionals – to use new devices for patient care
• DJ’s & musicians
• Businesses use social media
• Photographers & movie makers
• Accountants – spreadsheets
The Computer
- Take input, process it & produce some form of output
- Computers are linked to other computers/devices so that they can communicate
- A powerful computer can in a specific time period process more data, execute more
instructions, fetch & store more data and run more programs than. Ales powerful
computer
- ‘powerful’ in computers describes a combination of factors including:
• Speed & performance of the CPU’s
• Amount & type of storage it has
• Size of memory
• Type of graphics card installed
SEE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 4
3
, Interesting facts:
- ‘desktop replacement’ laptops can have same storage/ processing power/memory as
a desktop but cost more
- Mobile devices are sold more than any other type of computing device
PORTABLE COMPUTERS
- Can be used for work & entertainment, surfing the web & communication
1. Laptops
= use miniaturized parts & have a lower power consumption so as to allow for
portable computing on battery power
- Have a hinged screen that fold up easily
- Have a keyboard & pointing device
- Portable computers are more expensive than desktops with the same specifications
Power settings
- portable devices can run on battery power
- most operating systems have power schemes/settings to allow you to control how your
computer manages power. These include; specifying that the computer should
sleep/hibernate when it is not being used for a period of time, set screen brightness to
conserve power, choose a balance between power consumption & performance.
- in sleep mode: computer cuts power to almost all components using just enough to hold
contents of RAM & to detect when you want it to wake up.
- hibernates it saves RAM to hard drive & then switches itself off completely.
2. Tablets
- Portable computer with a touch or pen sensitive screen
- Good for quick, small scale computing
- Use special operating systems & have a long battery life & wireless and cellular data
connectivity.
Hybrid laptops/tablets
- Touch screens in laptops, has a hinge – picture on page 5
- More powerful than conventional tablets
- Run a full desktop operating system
- Weigh more, shorter battery life & don’t contain built-in cellular communication
Interesting fact:
Phablet= smartphone with screen sizes bigger than 5”- bigger screen than tablet & can
make phone calls
3. Smartphones
- Perfect example of digital convergence
- Most have no physical keyboard
- All have: an operating system (Google Android and iOS), large, colorful screens, built
in data modem, GPS for navigation, one or two cameras, WIFI, speakers & a
microphone
Interesting fact:
4
THEORY
GRADE 11
(Based on Study Opportunities
Textbook)
,Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1.1: IT’S ALL ABOUT ITC ................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER 1.2: INPUT AND OUTPUT ............................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 1.3: STORAGE, MEMORY & PROCESSING...................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 1.4: SOFTWARE ........................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 1.5: COMPUTER MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 22
CHAPTER 1.6: THE DARK SIDE OF COMPUTING ............................................................................ 25
CHAPTER 2.1: LOCAL AREA NETWORKS ....................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER 2.2: THE BROWSING EXPERIENCE ................................................................................. 30
CHAPTER 2.3: ONLINE LIFESTYLE ................................................................................................. 32
CHAPTER 2.4: MANAGING E-MAIL .............................................................................................. 38
2
,Chapter 1.1: It’s all about ITC
In the workplace /business ICT allows us to:
• Work wherever we have a computer & internet
• Communicate more effectively with both employees & customers
• Store & process more data
• Identify & adapt to change e.g. sales
• Perform tasks that are difficult/dangerous for humans to do
• Perform repetitive mechanical actions with consistent quality
• Empower individuals
• Do things more quickly & will less manpower
Negatives of ICT in workplace:
• Hard to have private time as can always be contacted for work related tasks
• Requires constant upgrading of skills, hardware & software
• Can result in large pools of staff being replaced by smaller pools of skilled ICT
workers
• May need to work longer hours
Jobs that use ICT:
• Fashion, game & web designers, engineers
• Doctors & healthcare professionals – to use new devices for patient care
• DJ’s & musicians
• Businesses use social media
• Photographers & movie makers
• Accountants – spreadsheets
The Computer
- Take input, process it & produce some form of output
- Computers are linked to other computers/devices so that they can communicate
- A powerful computer can in a specific time period process more data, execute more
instructions, fetch & store more data and run more programs than. Ales powerful
computer
- ‘powerful’ in computers describes a combination of factors including:
• Speed & performance of the CPU’s
• Amount & type of storage it has
• Size of memory
• Type of graphics card installed
SEE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 4
3
, Interesting facts:
- ‘desktop replacement’ laptops can have same storage/ processing power/memory as
a desktop but cost more
- Mobile devices are sold more than any other type of computing device
PORTABLE COMPUTERS
- Can be used for work & entertainment, surfing the web & communication
1. Laptops
= use miniaturized parts & have a lower power consumption so as to allow for
portable computing on battery power
- Have a hinged screen that fold up easily
- Have a keyboard & pointing device
- Portable computers are more expensive than desktops with the same specifications
Power settings
- portable devices can run on battery power
- most operating systems have power schemes/settings to allow you to control how your
computer manages power. These include; specifying that the computer should
sleep/hibernate when it is not being used for a period of time, set screen brightness to
conserve power, choose a balance between power consumption & performance.
- in sleep mode: computer cuts power to almost all components using just enough to hold
contents of RAM & to detect when you want it to wake up.
- hibernates it saves RAM to hard drive & then switches itself off completely.
2. Tablets
- Portable computer with a touch or pen sensitive screen
- Good for quick, small scale computing
- Use special operating systems & have a long battery life & wireless and cellular data
connectivity.
Hybrid laptops/tablets
- Touch screens in laptops, has a hinge – picture on page 5
- More powerful than conventional tablets
- Run a full desktop operating system
- Weigh more, shorter battery life & don’t contain built-in cellular communication
Interesting fact:
Phablet= smartphone with screen sizes bigger than 5”- bigger screen than tablet & can
make phone calls
3. Smartphones
- Perfect example of digital convergence
- Most have no physical keyboard
- All have: an operating system (Google Android and iOS), large, colorful screens, built
in data modem, GPS for navigation, one or two cameras, WIFI, speakers & a
microphone
Interesting fact:
4
