TEXAS ORNAMENTAL AND TURF FINAL PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔what are the two types of granular spreaders - ✔✔drop and rotary
✔✔what is another name for a drop spreader - ✔✔gravity spreader
✔✔is pesticide runoff a transportation or transformation process - ✔✔transportation
✔✔what is the most important factor affecting particle drift - ✔✔the size of the spray
droplet
✔✔are smaller spray droplets carried longer or shorter distances by air currents -
✔✔longer
✔✔what is photodecomposition caused by - ✔✔sunlight
✔✔what should be done with grass clippings in most situations - ✔✔returned to the turf
✔✔angiosperm - ✔✔plant that produces seeds within the pistil of flowers
✔✔corm - ✔✔a type of bulb that develops from the swollen base of a main stem.
Crocus and gladiolus bulbs are corms
✔✔gymnosperm - ✔✔plant that produces seeds on open scales, usually in cones such
as pine, fir, and spruce
✔✔herbaceous plant - ✔✔any annual or perrenial plant with a non woody stem that dies
back to the roots in the winter
✔✔rhizome - ✔✔underground stem that spreads to produce new above ground shoots
✔✔the cell - ✔✔basic building block for plants
✔✔tissues - ✔✔groups of cells that are related in structure
✔✔organs - ✔✔tissues that occur in certain combinations
✔✔nodes - ✔✔the point of attachment of the leaf
✔✔internode - ✔✔the portion of the stem between two leaves
✔✔buds - ✔✔embryonic stems enclosed by scalelike leaves called bud scales
,✔✔terminal bud - ✔✔bud at the apex or tip of a stem
✔✔laterall/ axillary buds - ✔✔buds along the stem
✔✔meristem - ✔✔small group of cells that retain the capacity for rapid growth
✔✔apical meristem - ✔✔located at the tip of the stem of woody plants and some
herbaceous plants is a group of actively deviding cells called the apical meristem
✔✔vascular cambium - ✔✔growth in stem diameter comes from a secondary meristem
called the
✔✔xylem - ✔✔most of the conduction of water and dissolved minerals occur here
✔✔trees have seasonal growth rings that form xylem in clearly defined - ✔✔annual
growth rings
✔✔phloem - ✔✔carbs, organic compounds produced in leaves, and mobile inorganic
nutrients are translocated or moved through the..
✔✔cork cambium - ✔✔outside of secondary phloem that produces suberized, corky
cells that provide protection for the stem
✔✔all leaves arise from - ✔✔apical meristems
✔✔leaves consist of - ✔✔blade, petiole, and stipules
✔✔epidermis - ✔✔protective layer on leaf
✔✔cuticle - ✔✔waxy layer on leaf
✔✔stomata - ✔✔small pores that serve as the site for exchange of gases and water
vapor
✔✔mesophyll - ✔✔area between upper and lower epidermis
✔✔if a leaf blade is composed of a single unit the leaf is a - ✔✔simple leaf
✔✔when there is two or more leaflets it is called a - ✔✔compound leaf
✔✔roots - ✔✔anchor and support the plant and absorb moisture and inorganic nutrients
from the soil
, ✔✔root cap - ✔✔the apical meristem of the primary root is covered by the root cap that
protects meristem as the root grows through the soil
✔✔fibrous root system - ✔✔most common turfgrasses and nursery plants have
✔✔tap root system - ✔✔hard to transplant, one main root that grows directly downward
from which branch roots extend
✔✔adventitious roots - ✔✔roots produced by stems seperated from the plant
✔✔flower - ✔✔major function is the attraction of pollen-transporting insects or birds
✔✔ovary - ✔✔the botanical term fruit refers to the mature or ripened...
✔✔cotyledons;endosperm - ✔✔food storage structures found in seeds
✔✔dormant - ✔✔seeds are whole plants in a miniature form found in a ___ state
✔✔seed germination - ✔✔growth of a plant often starts with
✔✔photosynthesis - ✔✔the conversion of light to energy by changing carbon dioxide
and water into glucose
✔✔What is chlorophyll - ✔✔a green pigment that obsorbs sunlight
✔✔what is the primary product of photosynthesis - ✔✔glucose
✔✔cell division - ✔✔produces more cells
✔✔cell enlargement - ✔✔driven by the absorption of water into the cell
✔✔cell elongation - ✔✔much of the increase in young root and shoot length is due to
cell elongation
✔✔cell differentiation - ✔✔forms plants organelles
✔✔when the _______ is cut off, the auxin supply is removed and the lateral buds can
begin active growth - ✔✔apical meristem
✔✔groups of major plant hormones - ✔✔auxins, cytokins, ethylenem, abscisic acid
✔✔Auxins - ✔✔principally responsible for apical dominance
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔what are the two types of granular spreaders - ✔✔drop and rotary
✔✔what is another name for a drop spreader - ✔✔gravity spreader
✔✔is pesticide runoff a transportation or transformation process - ✔✔transportation
✔✔what is the most important factor affecting particle drift - ✔✔the size of the spray
droplet
✔✔are smaller spray droplets carried longer or shorter distances by air currents -
✔✔longer
✔✔what is photodecomposition caused by - ✔✔sunlight
✔✔what should be done with grass clippings in most situations - ✔✔returned to the turf
✔✔angiosperm - ✔✔plant that produces seeds within the pistil of flowers
✔✔corm - ✔✔a type of bulb that develops from the swollen base of a main stem.
Crocus and gladiolus bulbs are corms
✔✔gymnosperm - ✔✔plant that produces seeds on open scales, usually in cones such
as pine, fir, and spruce
✔✔herbaceous plant - ✔✔any annual or perrenial plant with a non woody stem that dies
back to the roots in the winter
✔✔rhizome - ✔✔underground stem that spreads to produce new above ground shoots
✔✔the cell - ✔✔basic building block for plants
✔✔tissues - ✔✔groups of cells that are related in structure
✔✔organs - ✔✔tissues that occur in certain combinations
✔✔nodes - ✔✔the point of attachment of the leaf
✔✔internode - ✔✔the portion of the stem between two leaves
✔✔buds - ✔✔embryonic stems enclosed by scalelike leaves called bud scales
,✔✔terminal bud - ✔✔bud at the apex or tip of a stem
✔✔laterall/ axillary buds - ✔✔buds along the stem
✔✔meristem - ✔✔small group of cells that retain the capacity for rapid growth
✔✔apical meristem - ✔✔located at the tip of the stem of woody plants and some
herbaceous plants is a group of actively deviding cells called the apical meristem
✔✔vascular cambium - ✔✔growth in stem diameter comes from a secondary meristem
called the
✔✔xylem - ✔✔most of the conduction of water and dissolved minerals occur here
✔✔trees have seasonal growth rings that form xylem in clearly defined - ✔✔annual
growth rings
✔✔phloem - ✔✔carbs, organic compounds produced in leaves, and mobile inorganic
nutrients are translocated or moved through the..
✔✔cork cambium - ✔✔outside of secondary phloem that produces suberized, corky
cells that provide protection for the stem
✔✔all leaves arise from - ✔✔apical meristems
✔✔leaves consist of - ✔✔blade, petiole, and stipules
✔✔epidermis - ✔✔protective layer on leaf
✔✔cuticle - ✔✔waxy layer on leaf
✔✔stomata - ✔✔small pores that serve as the site for exchange of gases and water
vapor
✔✔mesophyll - ✔✔area between upper and lower epidermis
✔✔if a leaf blade is composed of a single unit the leaf is a - ✔✔simple leaf
✔✔when there is two or more leaflets it is called a - ✔✔compound leaf
✔✔roots - ✔✔anchor and support the plant and absorb moisture and inorganic nutrients
from the soil
, ✔✔root cap - ✔✔the apical meristem of the primary root is covered by the root cap that
protects meristem as the root grows through the soil
✔✔fibrous root system - ✔✔most common turfgrasses and nursery plants have
✔✔tap root system - ✔✔hard to transplant, one main root that grows directly downward
from which branch roots extend
✔✔adventitious roots - ✔✔roots produced by stems seperated from the plant
✔✔flower - ✔✔major function is the attraction of pollen-transporting insects or birds
✔✔ovary - ✔✔the botanical term fruit refers to the mature or ripened...
✔✔cotyledons;endosperm - ✔✔food storage structures found in seeds
✔✔dormant - ✔✔seeds are whole plants in a miniature form found in a ___ state
✔✔seed germination - ✔✔growth of a plant often starts with
✔✔photosynthesis - ✔✔the conversion of light to energy by changing carbon dioxide
and water into glucose
✔✔What is chlorophyll - ✔✔a green pigment that obsorbs sunlight
✔✔what is the primary product of photosynthesis - ✔✔glucose
✔✔cell division - ✔✔produces more cells
✔✔cell enlargement - ✔✔driven by the absorption of water into the cell
✔✔cell elongation - ✔✔much of the increase in young root and shoot length is due to
cell elongation
✔✔cell differentiation - ✔✔forms plants organelles
✔✔when the _______ is cut off, the auxin supply is removed and the lateral buds can
begin active growth - ✔✔apical meristem
✔✔groups of major plant hormones - ✔✔auxins, cytokins, ethylenem, abscisic acid
✔✔Auxins - ✔✔principally responsible for apical dominance
