BIOS 100 FINAL EXAM
• what happens during anaphase? (mitosis): sister chromatids split and movetoward
opposite poles
• what happens during telophase? (mitosis): -chromosomes become diffuse(chromatin)
-daughter nuclei form
-nuclear membrane reappaears
• what is cytokinesis? what does it result in in animals and plants?: physicaldivision of cell
-cleavage furrow (animals)
-cell plate (plants)
• mitosis produces genetically identical cellsmeiosis produces cells:
diploid
haploid
• what are the 8 stages of Meiosis?: P1, M1, A1, T1P2, M2, A2, T2
• what happens during Prophase I? (Meiosis): -chromatin condenses
-spindle forms
-nuclear membrane disappears
-homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads******
• what happens during Metaphase I? (Meiosis): pairs of homologous chromo-somes line up
at equator as tetrads
• what happens during Anaphase I? (Meiosis): -paired homologous chromo-somes split and
move toward opposite poles
-sister chromatids remain together
• what happens during Telophase I? (Meiosis): spindle disappears and daugh-ter nuclei
disappears
• Meiosis I takes a cell and makes cells: diploid, haploid
• Meiosis II results in the separation of the : sister
chromatids
• what happens during Prophase II?: -spindles form
-spindle attaches
, -nculear membranes disappear
• what happens during metaphase II?: -sister chromatids line up onmetaphase/cell plate
• what is the main difference between metaphase I and metaphase II?: inmetaphase I, pairs
of homologous chromosomes line up at equator
-in metaphase II, sister chromatids line up on metaphase/cell plate
• what happens during anaphase II?: -sister chromatids split and move towardopposite
poles
• what happens during telophase II?: -spindles disappear
-daughter nuclei form
-chromosomes become diffuse
-cells physical separate
• meiosis for sperm results in 4 mature, haploid male gamers while meiosisfor egg results
in...: 3 polar bodies and one mature haploid
• Mendel's segregation of the alleles occurs at...: the separation of homolo-gous
chromosomes
• Mendel's theory of independent assortment occurs at what point: randomassortment of
each pair of homologous chromosomes (metaphase I)
-pairs of homologous chromosomes line up randomly
• what is "crossing over"? when does it occur?: -crossing over occurs inprophase I of
meiosis
-crossing over is when homologues exchange genetic information
-this produces gene combinations different from those of the original chromosomes
• what are three things that lead to genetic variation?: -crossing over
-random assortment of chromosomes into the gametes
-fertilization
• what did Griffith's experiment with mice find?: -heat killed the bacteria butdidn't destroy
the hereditary material
-bacteria can pick up hereditary material from other bacteria
• What did Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod find in their experiemnts: DNA isthe hereditary
material!
• what did Hershey and Chase conclude from their experiments?: -
same...hereditary material is DNA!
• what happens during anaphase? (mitosis): sister chromatids split and movetoward
opposite poles
• what happens during telophase? (mitosis): -chromosomes become diffuse(chromatin)
-daughter nuclei form
-nuclear membrane reappaears
• what is cytokinesis? what does it result in in animals and plants?: physicaldivision of cell
-cleavage furrow (animals)
-cell plate (plants)
• mitosis produces genetically identical cellsmeiosis produces cells:
diploid
haploid
• what are the 8 stages of Meiosis?: P1, M1, A1, T1P2, M2, A2, T2
• what happens during Prophase I? (Meiosis): -chromatin condenses
-spindle forms
-nuclear membrane disappears
-homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads******
• what happens during Metaphase I? (Meiosis): pairs of homologous chromo-somes line up
at equator as tetrads
• what happens during Anaphase I? (Meiosis): -paired homologous chromo-somes split and
move toward opposite poles
-sister chromatids remain together
• what happens during Telophase I? (Meiosis): spindle disappears and daugh-ter nuclei
disappears
• Meiosis I takes a cell and makes cells: diploid, haploid
• Meiosis II results in the separation of the : sister
chromatids
• what happens during Prophase II?: -spindles form
-spindle attaches
, -nculear membranes disappear
• what happens during metaphase II?: -sister chromatids line up onmetaphase/cell plate
• what is the main difference between metaphase I and metaphase II?: inmetaphase I, pairs
of homologous chromosomes line up at equator
-in metaphase II, sister chromatids line up on metaphase/cell plate
• what happens during anaphase II?: -sister chromatids split and move towardopposite
poles
• what happens during telophase II?: -spindles disappear
-daughter nuclei form
-chromosomes become diffuse
-cells physical separate
• meiosis for sperm results in 4 mature, haploid male gamers while meiosisfor egg results
in...: 3 polar bodies and one mature haploid
• Mendel's segregation of the alleles occurs at...: the separation of homolo-gous
chromosomes
• Mendel's theory of independent assortment occurs at what point: randomassortment of
each pair of homologous chromosomes (metaphase I)
-pairs of homologous chromosomes line up randomly
• what is "crossing over"? when does it occur?: -crossing over occurs inprophase I of
meiosis
-crossing over is when homologues exchange genetic information
-this produces gene combinations different from those of the original chromosomes
• what are three things that lead to genetic variation?: -crossing over
-random assortment of chromosomes into the gametes
-fertilization
• what did Griffith's experiment with mice find?: -heat killed the bacteria butdidn't destroy
the hereditary material
-bacteria can pick up hereditary material from other bacteria
• What did Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod find in their experiemnts: DNA isthe hereditary
material!
• what did Hershey and Chase conclude from their experiments?: -
same...hereditary material is DNA!
