NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA
Exam Real Questions and Verified Answers
Head and neck cancer site of metastasis? -Answer:-Lymphatics,
liver, bones
Sarcoma site of metastasis? -Answer:-Lungs
Melanoma site of metastasis? -Answer:-Lymphatics, lung, liver,
brain, GI
Origin of cancer from adeno? -Answer:-Glandular Epithelial
TNM Staging System -Answer:-T= tumor spread
TX= main tumor not measured
T0= tumor cannot be found
T1=T4=size or extent of main tumor. Higher the number, larger it is
,N= node involvement
NX= cannot be measured
N0=no cancer in lymph nodes
N1-N3= number of lymph nodes. Higher the number, the more
lymph nodes that contain cancer
M= presence of metastasis
MX=cannot be measured
M0=cancer has not spread to other parts of body
M1=Cancer has spread to other parts of body
BRCA gene -Answer:-Increases risk for developing ovarian, breast,
and prostate cancer
Paraneoplastic syndromes -Answer:-Triggered by cancer but aren't
caused directly from a tumor/mass. Commonly caused by hormones
released by a tumor or an immune response triggered by a tumor.
*May be earliest S/S of unknown cancer*
, Cachexia -Answer:-Imbalance between amount of energy intake vs.
energy used. Wasting syndrome = catabolic process. Increase in
apoptosis and impaired ability to regenerate cells.
Necrosis -Answer:-Cell death, irreversible cell injury.
Clinical implications: fever, increased heart rate, increase number of
leukocytes, pain, presence of cellular enzymes (LDH, CK, AST, ALT,
ALT, Amylase, aldolase)
Coagulative necrosis -Answer:-Occurs primarily in the kidneys,
heart, and adrenal glands. Commonly results from hypoxia caused
by severe ischemia or hypoxia from chemical injury (especially
ingestion of mercuric chloride)
Liquefactive necrosis -Answer:-Commonly results from ischemic
injury to neurons and glial cells in the brain
What does T3N2M0 in cancer staging mean? -Answer:-large, with
local nodes but no evidence of metastasis
Exam Real Questions and Verified Answers
Head and neck cancer site of metastasis? -Answer:-Lymphatics,
liver, bones
Sarcoma site of metastasis? -Answer:-Lungs
Melanoma site of metastasis? -Answer:-Lymphatics, lung, liver,
brain, GI
Origin of cancer from adeno? -Answer:-Glandular Epithelial
TNM Staging System -Answer:-T= tumor spread
TX= main tumor not measured
T0= tumor cannot be found
T1=T4=size or extent of main tumor. Higher the number, larger it is
,N= node involvement
NX= cannot be measured
N0=no cancer in lymph nodes
N1-N3= number of lymph nodes. Higher the number, the more
lymph nodes that contain cancer
M= presence of metastasis
MX=cannot be measured
M0=cancer has not spread to other parts of body
M1=Cancer has spread to other parts of body
BRCA gene -Answer:-Increases risk for developing ovarian, breast,
and prostate cancer
Paraneoplastic syndromes -Answer:-Triggered by cancer but aren't
caused directly from a tumor/mass. Commonly caused by hormones
released by a tumor or an immune response triggered by a tumor.
*May be earliest S/S of unknown cancer*
, Cachexia -Answer:-Imbalance between amount of energy intake vs.
energy used. Wasting syndrome = catabolic process. Increase in
apoptosis and impaired ability to regenerate cells.
Necrosis -Answer:-Cell death, irreversible cell injury.
Clinical implications: fever, increased heart rate, increase number of
leukocytes, pain, presence of cellular enzymes (LDH, CK, AST, ALT,
ALT, Amylase, aldolase)
Coagulative necrosis -Answer:-Occurs primarily in the kidneys,
heart, and adrenal glands. Commonly results from hypoxia caused
by severe ischemia or hypoxia from chemical injury (especially
ingestion of mercuric chloride)
Liquefactive necrosis -Answer:-Commonly results from ischemic
injury to neurons and glial cells in the brain
What does T3N2M0 in cancer staging mean? -Answer:-large, with
local nodes but no evidence of metastasis
