Rasmussen Pathophysiology - Final Exam Review Questions With Correct
Answers 2025.
On an electrocardiogram (EKG), the P wave represents which of the
following?
A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Atrial repolarization
D) Ventricular repolarization - ANSWER- A) Atrial depolarization
Select all that apply. Which lab values are incorrect?
A. Na+ 135-145
B. K+ 2.3-2.9
C. Mg 1.8-2.4
D. Calcium 2-3 - ANSWER- B. K+ 2.3-2.9
D. Calcium 2-3
What electrolyte, if too high or low, can cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Mg
B. Na+
C. K+
D. Ca - ANSWER- C. K+
A patient has ABGS as follows: pH 7.28, PaC02 59, HC03 24, PaO2 85. This
would be diagnosed as
A. Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia
B. Respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia
C. Metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis with hypoxemia - ANSWER- A. Respiratory acidosis
with hypoxemia
This type of cell is found in all the tissues of the body, and as part of the
inflammatory response, releases histamine, prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
A. Leukocyte
B. Mast cell
C. CD4 helper cell
D. Macrophage - ANSWER- B. Mast cell
An increase in the size of cells in an organ is known as
A. Neoplasia
B. Hyperplasia
,C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis - ANSWER- B. Hyperplasia
The organelle in the cell that is responsible for producing ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate) is the
A. Golgi body
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria - ANSWER- D. Mitochondria
Homeostasis is defined as:
A. A state of equilibrium in an organism
B. A blood clotting mechanism
C. Part of the inflammatory process
D. Cellular adaptation - ANSWER- A. A state of equilibrium in an organism
A benign tumor usually metastasizes.
A. True
B. False - ANSWER- B. False
A malignant growth tends to produce (SAA)
A. Anaplastic cells
B. Metastatic tumors
C. Undifferentiated cells
D. Cells that invade the basement membrane of an organ - ANSWER- All of
the above
The ion imbalance that is responsible for raising or lowering the pH is:
A. Potassium
B. Hydrogen
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium - ANSWER- B. Hydrogen
This cell engulfs bacteria and destroys them:
A. Phagocyte
B. Neutrophil
C. Granulocyte
D. Eosinophil - ANSWER- A. Phagocyte
This type of WBC is usually elevated with nasal allergies
A. Basophil
,B. Mast cells
C. Macrophage
D. Neutrophil - ANSWER- A. Basophil
The patient's WBC count is 18. This would indicate:
A. Anemia
B. Allergic reaction
C. Infection
D. Anemia - ANSWER- C. Infection
The first stage of the GAS syndrome results in (Select all that apply)
A. Epinephrine release
B. Constriction of pupils
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Bradycardia
E. Tachycardia - ANSWER- A. Epinephrine release
C. Increased blood pressure
E. Tachycardia
An example of artificially acquired active immunity would be
A. An influenza vaccination
B. A tetanus antitoxin after stepping on rusty metal
C. Taking an antibiotic for an infection
D. An IV infusion of IgG - ANSWER- A. An influenza vaccination
A low count of this type of cell may indicate that HIV has progressed to AIDS.
A. T cells
B. CD4 helper cells
C. B cells
D. Complement complexes - ANSWER- B. CD4 helper cells
B cells mature in the _________________, T cells mature in the ________________.
A. Hypothalamus, thymus
B. Thymus, Endocrine glands
C. Bone marrow, thymus
D. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system - ANSWER- C. Bone marrow,
thymus
This makes the body's temperature elevate in response to macrophages that
have been exposed to bacteria.
A. Leukocytes
, B. Pyrogens
C. Interferons
D. Inflammatory response. - ANSWER- B. Pyrogens
The first WBC to arrive after injury
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes - ANSWER- A. Neutrophils
A patient has a serum creatinine level of 2.5 mg/dL, a serum potassium level
of 6 mmol/L, an arterial pH of 7.32, and a urine output of 250 mL/day. Which
phase of acute renal failure is the patient experiencing?
A) Intrarenal
B) Postrenal
C) Oliguric
D) Recovery - ANSWER- C) Oliguric
The nurse monitors for which of the following definitive clinical
manifestations in a patient with renal impairment associated with polycystic
kidney disease?
A) Flank pain
B) Periorbital edema
C) Low serum creatinine level
D) Palpable kidneys - ANSWER- D) Palpable kidneys
The nurse questions a female patient about perineal cleansing. Which
statement by the patient indicates proper technique?
A) "I douche monthly."
B) "I use an alcohol-based product."
C) "I wipe from back to front."
D) "I wipe from front to back." - ANSWER- D) "I wipe from front to back."
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient after a nephrectomy
for renal carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching
has been effective?
A) "Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to be
watched closely."
B) "I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my remaining
kidney."
C) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function."
Answers 2025.
On an electrocardiogram (EKG), the P wave represents which of the
following?
A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Atrial repolarization
D) Ventricular repolarization - ANSWER- A) Atrial depolarization
Select all that apply. Which lab values are incorrect?
A. Na+ 135-145
B. K+ 2.3-2.9
C. Mg 1.8-2.4
D. Calcium 2-3 - ANSWER- B. K+ 2.3-2.9
D. Calcium 2-3
What electrolyte, if too high or low, can cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Mg
B. Na+
C. K+
D. Ca - ANSWER- C. K+
A patient has ABGS as follows: pH 7.28, PaC02 59, HC03 24, PaO2 85. This
would be diagnosed as
A. Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia
B. Respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia
C. Metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis with hypoxemia - ANSWER- A. Respiratory acidosis
with hypoxemia
This type of cell is found in all the tissues of the body, and as part of the
inflammatory response, releases histamine, prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
A. Leukocyte
B. Mast cell
C. CD4 helper cell
D. Macrophage - ANSWER- B. Mast cell
An increase in the size of cells in an organ is known as
A. Neoplasia
B. Hyperplasia
,C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis - ANSWER- B. Hyperplasia
The organelle in the cell that is responsible for producing ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate) is the
A. Golgi body
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria - ANSWER- D. Mitochondria
Homeostasis is defined as:
A. A state of equilibrium in an organism
B. A blood clotting mechanism
C. Part of the inflammatory process
D. Cellular adaptation - ANSWER- A. A state of equilibrium in an organism
A benign tumor usually metastasizes.
A. True
B. False - ANSWER- B. False
A malignant growth tends to produce (SAA)
A. Anaplastic cells
B. Metastatic tumors
C. Undifferentiated cells
D. Cells that invade the basement membrane of an organ - ANSWER- All of
the above
The ion imbalance that is responsible for raising or lowering the pH is:
A. Potassium
B. Hydrogen
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium - ANSWER- B. Hydrogen
This cell engulfs bacteria and destroys them:
A. Phagocyte
B. Neutrophil
C. Granulocyte
D. Eosinophil - ANSWER- A. Phagocyte
This type of WBC is usually elevated with nasal allergies
A. Basophil
,B. Mast cells
C. Macrophage
D. Neutrophil - ANSWER- A. Basophil
The patient's WBC count is 18. This would indicate:
A. Anemia
B. Allergic reaction
C. Infection
D. Anemia - ANSWER- C. Infection
The first stage of the GAS syndrome results in (Select all that apply)
A. Epinephrine release
B. Constriction of pupils
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Bradycardia
E. Tachycardia - ANSWER- A. Epinephrine release
C. Increased blood pressure
E. Tachycardia
An example of artificially acquired active immunity would be
A. An influenza vaccination
B. A tetanus antitoxin after stepping on rusty metal
C. Taking an antibiotic for an infection
D. An IV infusion of IgG - ANSWER- A. An influenza vaccination
A low count of this type of cell may indicate that HIV has progressed to AIDS.
A. T cells
B. CD4 helper cells
C. B cells
D. Complement complexes - ANSWER- B. CD4 helper cells
B cells mature in the _________________, T cells mature in the ________________.
A. Hypothalamus, thymus
B. Thymus, Endocrine glands
C. Bone marrow, thymus
D. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system - ANSWER- C. Bone marrow,
thymus
This makes the body's temperature elevate in response to macrophages that
have been exposed to bacteria.
A. Leukocytes
, B. Pyrogens
C. Interferons
D. Inflammatory response. - ANSWER- B. Pyrogens
The first WBC to arrive after injury
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes - ANSWER- A. Neutrophils
A patient has a serum creatinine level of 2.5 mg/dL, a serum potassium level
of 6 mmol/L, an arterial pH of 7.32, and a urine output of 250 mL/day. Which
phase of acute renal failure is the patient experiencing?
A) Intrarenal
B) Postrenal
C) Oliguric
D) Recovery - ANSWER- C) Oliguric
The nurse monitors for which of the following definitive clinical
manifestations in a patient with renal impairment associated with polycystic
kidney disease?
A) Flank pain
B) Periorbital edema
C) Low serum creatinine level
D) Palpable kidneys - ANSWER- D) Palpable kidneys
The nurse questions a female patient about perineal cleansing. Which
statement by the patient indicates proper technique?
A) "I douche monthly."
B) "I use an alcohol-based product."
C) "I wipe from back to front."
D) "I wipe from front to back." - ANSWER- D) "I wipe from front to back."
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient after a nephrectomy
for renal carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching
has been effective?
A) "Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to be
watched closely."
B) "I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my remaining
kidney."
C) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function."
