LJU4801
PORTFOLIO Semester 1 2025
Unique Number:
Due date: 28 May 2025
QUESTION 1
1.1.
1. Natural Law Theory
Natural law theory holds that there exists a set of universal moral principles which underpin
all valid laws. If a law does not conform to these principles, it is not considered a true law.
This theory sees justice and morality as central to legal validity. Natural law is based on the
belief in an unchanging, eternal standard of justice that applies to all societies, at all times,
and it can be accessed through human reason.1
Thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle believed that human-made (positive) laws must aim to
reflect an ideal form of justice. Later, Thomas Aquinas argued that natural law is derived
from divine eternal law, and humans can know it through reason. If a law contradicts natural
law, such as laws enforcing discrimination or unjust punishment, it can be challenged as
invalid.2
DISCLAIMER & TERMS OF USE
Educational Aid: These study notes are intended to be used as educational resources and should not be seen as a
replacement for individual research, critical analysis, or professional consultation. Students are encouraged to perform
their own research and seek advice from their instructors or academic advisors for specific assignment guidelines.
Personal Responsibility: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information in
these study notes, the seller does not guarantee the completeness or correctness of all content. The buyer is
responsible for verifying the accuracy of the information and exercising their own judgment when applying it to their
assignments.
Academic Integrity: It is essential for students to maintain academic integrity and follow their institution's policies
regarding plagiarism, citation, and referencing. These study notes should be used as learning tools and sources of
inspiration. Any direct reproduction of the content without proper citation and acknowledgment may be considered
academic misconduct.
Limited Liability: The seller shall not be liable for any direct or indirect damages, losses, or consequences arising from
the use of these notes. This includes, but is not limited to, poor academic performance, penalties, or any other negative
consequences resulting from the application or misuse of the information provided.
PORTFOLIO Semester 1 2025
Unique Number:
Due date: 28 May 2025
QUESTION 1
1.1.
1. Natural Law Theory
Natural law theory holds that there exists a set of universal moral principles which underpin
all valid laws. If a law does not conform to these principles, it is not considered a true law.
This theory sees justice and morality as central to legal validity. Natural law is based on the
belief in an unchanging, eternal standard of justice that applies to all societies, at all times,
and it can be accessed through human reason.1
Thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle believed that human-made (positive) laws must aim to
reflect an ideal form of justice. Later, Thomas Aquinas argued that natural law is derived
from divine eternal law, and humans can know it through reason. If a law contradicts natural
law, such as laws enforcing discrimination or unjust punishment, it can be challenged as
invalid.2
DISCLAIMER & TERMS OF USE
Educational Aid: These study notes are intended to be used as educational resources and should not be seen as a
replacement for individual research, critical analysis, or professional consultation. Students are encouraged to perform
their own research and seek advice from their instructors or academic advisors for specific assignment guidelines.
Personal Responsibility: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information in
these study notes, the seller does not guarantee the completeness or correctness of all content. The buyer is
responsible for verifying the accuracy of the information and exercising their own judgment when applying it to their
assignments.
Academic Integrity: It is essential for students to maintain academic integrity and follow their institution's policies
regarding plagiarism, citation, and referencing. These study notes should be used as learning tools and sources of
inspiration. Any direct reproduction of the content without proper citation and acknowledgment may be considered
academic misconduct.
Limited Liability: The seller shall not be liable for any direct or indirect damages, losses, or consequences arising from
the use of these notes. This includes, but is not limited to, poor academic performance, penalties, or any other negative
consequences resulting from the application or misuse of the information provided.
