PSYC101 General Psychology
Final Assessment Review
Module 6 (Questions & Solutions)
2025
©2025
, 1. Case Study – Drive Reduction:
_Alice participates in a study where she endures several hours without
food. Soon after, she displays a strong urge to eat, and her behavior is
geared toward restoring her energy balance._
Question: Which theory best explains Alice’s behavior?
A. Incentive Theory
B. Drive Reduction Theory
C. Arousal Theory
D. Self-Determination Theory
ANS: B. Drive Reduction Theory
Rationale: Drive Reduction Theory posits that biological needs (e.g.,
hunger) create an internal tension (drive) that motivates behavior to
reduce that tension and restore homeostasis.
---
2. Case Study – Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation:
_Robert, an art student, initially paints for pure enjoyment. After being
offered monetary rewards for each painting, his creativity seems to
suffer and his original passion diminishes._
Question: Which phenomenon best explains this change in motivation?
A. Cognitive Dissonance
B. Response Cost
C. Overjustification Effect
D. Expectancy Theory
ANS: C. Overjustification Effect
Rationale: The overjustification effect occurs when external rewards
reduce intrinsic interest in an activity, as the behavior shifts from being
internally driven to being controlled by external incentives.
---
©2025
, 3. Case Study – Hierarchy of Needs:
_Melinda, a university student, is motivated not only by basic needs but
also by a desire for personal growth and creative expression after her
basic needs are reliably met._
Question: Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy does Melinda’s
motivation most likely represent?
A. Safety Needs
B. Esteem Needs
C. Self-Actualization
D. Belongingness Needs
ANS: C. Self-Actualization
Rationale: Self-actualization represents the pursuit of personal
potential, creativity, and growth and is positioned at the top of Maslow’s
hierarchy when lower-level basic needs are satisfied.
---
4. Case Study – James-Lange Theory:
_During a laboratory experiment on emotional responses, James
experiences increased heart rate and trembling before he consciously
identifies that he is scared by a sudden stimulus._
Question: Which theory of emotion does this scenario best illustrate?
A. Cannon-Bard Theory
B. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
C. James-Lange Theory
D. Appraisal Theory
ANS: C. James-Lange Theory
Rationale: The James-Lange theory asserts that perceptions of
physiological arousal precede and cause the emotional experience, as
illustrated by James’s awareness of bodily changes leading to the
emotion of fear.
©2025
, ---
5. Case Study – Two-Factor Theory:
_Sophia is injected with a substance that causes arousal. In an ambiguous
situation, she looks around for cues, and based on the environment she
labels her arousal as excitement rather than anxiety._
Question: This scenario is best explained by which theory of emotion?
A. Cannon-Bard Theory
B. James-Lange Theory
C. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
D. Opponent-Process Theory
ANS: C. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Rationale: The Schachter-Singer theory states that emotion arises from
a combination of physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation
(appraisal) of that arousal, as seen when Sophia labels her arousal based
on contextual cues.
---
6. Case Study – Simultaneous Arousal and Experience:
_During a stressful task, Michael experiences physiological arousal
(sweating, increased heart rate) and a feeling of anxiety at the same
moment, with no evident time delay between the two._
Question: Which theory of emotion does Michael’s experience most
closely support?
A. James-Lange Theory
B. Cannon-Bard Theory
C. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
D. Lazarus’ Cognitive Appraisal Theory
ANS: B. Cannon-Bard Theory
Rationale: The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotional
experience and physiological arousal occur simultaneously and
independently, matching Michael’s concurrent feelings and bodily
©2025
Final Assessment Review
Module 6 (Questions & Solutions)
2025
©2025
, 1. Case Study – Drive Reduction:
_Alice participates in a study where she endures several hours without
food. Soon after, she displays a strong urge to eat, and her behavior is
geared toward restoring her energy balance._
Question: Which theory best explains Alice’s behavior?
A. Incentive Theory
B. Drive Reduction Theory
C. Arousal Theory
D. Self-Determination Theory
ANS: B. Drive Reduction Theory
Rationale: Drive Reduction Theory posits that biological needs (e.g.,
hunger) create an internal tension (drive) that motivates behavior to
reduce that tension and restore homeostasis.
---
2. Case Study – Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation:
_Robert, an art student, initially paints for pure enjoyment. After being
offered monetary rewards for each painting, his creativity seems to
suffer and his original passion diminishes._
Question: Which phenomenon best explains this change in motivation?
A. Cognitive Dissonance
B. Response Cost
C. Overjustification Effect
D. Expectancy Theory
ANS: C. Overjustification Effect
Rationale: The overjustification effect occurs when external rewards
reduce intrinsic interest in an activity, as the behavior shifts from being
internally driven to being controlled by external incentives.
---
©2025
, 3. Case Study – Hierarchy of Needs:
_Melinda, a university student, is motivated not only by basic needs but
also by a desire for personal growth and creative expression after her
basic needs are reliably met._
Question: Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy does Melinda’s
motivation most likely represent?
A. Safety Needs
B. Esteem Needs
C. Self-Actualization
D. Belongingness Needs
ANS: C. Self-Actualization
Rationale: Self-actualization represents the pursuit of personal
potential, creativity, and growth and is positioned at the top of Maslow’s
hierarchy when lower-level basic needs are satisfied.
---
4. Case Study – James-Lange Theory:
_During a laboratory experiment on emotional responses, James
experiences increased heart rate and trembling before he consciously
identifies that he is scared by a sudden stimulus._
Question: Which theory of emotion does this scenario best illustrate?
A. Cannon-Bard Theory
B. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
C. James-Lange Theory
D. Appraisal Theory
ANS: C. James-Lange Theory
Rationale: The James-Lange theory asserts that perceptions of
physiological arousal precede and cause the emotional experience, as
illustrated by James’s awareness of bodily changes leading to the
emotion of fear.
©2025
, ---
5. Case Study – Two-Factor Theory:
_Sophia is injected with a substance that causes arousal. In an ambiguous
situation, she looks around for cues, and based on the environment she
labels her arousal as excitement rather than anxiety._
Question: This scenario is best explained by which theory of emotion?
A. Cannon-Bard Theory
B. James-Lange Theory
C. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
D. Opponent-Process Theory
ANS: C. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Rationale: The Schachter-Singer theory states that emotion arises from
a combination of physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation
(appraisal) of that arousal, as seen when Sophia labels her arousal based
on contextual cues.
---
6. Case Study – Simultaneous Arousal and Experience:
_During a stressful task, Michael experiences physiological arousal
(sweating, increased heart rate) and a feeling of anxiety at the same
moment, with no evident time delay between the two._
Question: Which theory of emotion does Michael’s experience most
closely support?
A. James-Lange Theory
B. Cannon-Bard Theory
C. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
D. Lazarus’ Cognitive Appraisal Theory
ANS: B. Cannon-Bard Theory
Rationale: The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotional
experience and physiological arousal occur simultaneously and
independently, matching Michael’s concurrent feelings and bodily
©2025
