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Samenvatting Ondernemingsfinanciering

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Samenvatting ondernemingsfinanciering

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ONDERNEMIN
GSFINANCIERI
NG




Stijn van Iersel

KuLeuven Schakeljaar | 2024 – 2025

,Table of Contents
Hoofdstuk 1: De tijdwaarde van geld.............................................4
1.1. Toekomstige waarde & Interest (= future value).............................4
1.2. Contante waarde of actuele waarde (= present value)....................5
1.3. Inflatie en de tijdwaarde van geld..................................................8
1.3.1. Nominaal vs. Reëel................................................................................................ 8

Hoofdstuk 2: Waardering van obligaties.........................................9
2.1. Waardering van een typische obligatie bij uitgifte........................10
2.2. Obligaties en Risico.....................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 3: Waardering van aandelen........................................16
3.1. Aandelen en de aandelenmarkt....................................................16
3.2. Marktwaarde, boekwaarde en liquidatiewaarde............................17
3.3. Waardering van aandelen............................................................18
3.4. Het Dividend Discount Model (DDM).............................................20
3.4.1. Dividend Discount Model (DDM) zonder groei......................................................21
3.4.2. Dividend Discount Model (DDM) met constante groei..........................................22
3.4.3. Dividend Discounyt Model (DDM) met vereenvoudiging aan het einde van
beleggings- en/of voorspellingshorizon: (DDM with nonconstant growth)......................25

3.5. Belegging strategieën.................................................................26
3.6. De “Efficient Markthypothese” (EHM)...........................................27
3.7. Behavioral finance......................................................................29
Hoofdstuk 4: Netto actuele waarde en andere investeringscriteria 30
4.1. Analyse van investeringsprojecten - Inhoudelijke inleiding............30
4.2. Investeringscriteria.....................................................................30
4.2.1. Terugverdienperiode (methode)...........................................................................32
4.2.2. Intern rendement (methode)...............................................................................32

Hoofdstuk 5: Bepaling van de relevante verwachte kasstromen. . . .39
5.1. Methode van de NAW..................................................................39
5.2. De eigenlijke berekeningswijze....................................................42
5.2.1. Kasstromen m.b.t. investeringen.........................................................................43
5.2.2. Kasstromen m.b.t. operaties................................................................................44

Hoofdstuk 6: Het concept ‘risico’.................................................45
6.1. Inleiding.....................................................................................45


1

, 6.2. Risicopremie...............................................................................47
Hoofdstuk 1: Introductie tot ondernemingsfinanciering en corporate
governance................................................................................51
1.1. Ondernemingsfinanciering...........................................................51
1.2. Financieel manager.....................................................................52
1.3. Agency probleem........................................................................55
Hoofdstuk 2: Overzicht van financieringsbronnen.........................58
2.1. Financieringsbronnen..................................................................58
2.1.1. Autofinanciering................................................................................................... 58
2.1.2. Externe financiering............................................................................................. 59

2.2. Aandelenkapitaal........................................................................60
2.3. Aandeelhouderschap België (continentaal Europa)........................61
2.4. Markt gebaseerde schuldfinanciering...........................................62
2.5. Niet-markt gebaseerde schuldfinanciering....................................63
Hoofdstuk 3: Verwerven van kapitaal: venture capital,
beursintroducties en kapitaalverhoging.......................................64
3.1. Venture capital/ private capital....................................................64
3.2. Alternative finance......................................................................66
3.3. Beursintroducties: Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)...........................67
3.3.1. IPO verschillende motieven..................................................................................67
3.3.2. Onderwaardering.................................................................................................70
3.3.3. Emissiekosten IPO................................................................................................71
3.3.4. SPAC’s.................................................................................................................. 72

3.4. Kapitaalverhogingen, Season equity offerings (SEO).....................73
3.4.1. Voorkeurrecht (right issues).................................................................................73
3.4.2. Private placement................................................................................................74

3.5. Beursnotering vs. Delisting..........................................................75
3.5.1. Delisting............................................................................................................... 75

3.6. Life cycle theorie........................................................................76
Hoofdstuk 4: Kapitaalstructuur....................................................76
4.1. Financiële hefboomwerking (leverage).........................................76
4.1.1. Miller & Midigiliani (MM).......................................................................................77
4.1.2. Miller & Modifliani 2.............................................................................................79

4.2. Kapitaalstructuur, belasting en WACC..........................................82
4.3. Kosten van financiele moeilijkheden (financiel distress)................83


2

, 4.4. Theorieën van kapitaalstructuur..................................................85
4.4.1. Trade-off theorie.................................................................................................. 85
4.4.2. Pecking order theorie...........................................................................................86
4.4.3. Kapitaalstructuurbeslissingen in de praktijk.........................................................87

Hoofdstuk 5: dividendbeleid........................................................87
5.1. Dividenden.................................................................................87
5.2. Inkopen van aandelen.................................................................88
5.3. Payout beslissingen....................................................................89
Hoofdstuk 6: Financiële planning op lange termijn........................92
6.1. Wat is financiële planning............................................................92
6.2. Doel van planning.......................................................................93
6.3. Financiële planning modellen......................................................93
6.3.1. Model op basis van percentage van omzet (percentage of sales model).............94

6.4. Problemen bij planning................................................................95
6.5. Planning & groei.........................................................................96
Hoofdstuk 7: Financiele planning op kort termijn & beheer van
werkkapitaal..............................................................................98
7.1. Verband tussen planning op LT & KT.............................................98
7.2. Cashbeheer...............................................................................100
7.3. Beleggenop KT..........................................................................100
7.4. KT-bankfinanciering...................................................................100
7.5. LT-bankfinanciering....................................................................101
7.6. Werkkapitaal............................................................................101
7.7. Klantenkrediet en -beleid..........................................................103
7.8. Voorraadbeheer........................................................................107




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