Guranteed 2025 HESI Practice Test Questions |
Complete Prep with Answer Keys, Study Strategies,
and High-Scoring
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A nurse provides home care instructions to a client with mild preeclampsia. What does the
nurse tell the client?
Sodium intake is restricted
Fluid intake must be limited to 1 quart (1 litres) each day
Urine output must be measured and the primary health care provider should be notified if
output is less than 500 mL in a 24-hour period
Urinary protein must be measured and the primary health care provider should be notified if
the results indicate a trace amount of protein - - correct ans- -Urine output must be
measured and the primary health care provider should be notified if output is less than 500
mL in a 24-hour period
Rationale: Urine output of less than 500 mL/24 hr should prompt the client to notify the
primary health care provider. Preeclampsia is considered mild when the diastolic blood
pressure does not exceed 100 mm Hg, proteinuria is no more than 500 mg/day (trace to 1+),
and signs/symptoms such as headache, visual disturbances, and abdominal pain are absent.
The diet should provide ample protein and calories, and fluid and sodium should not be
limited. The disease is considered severe when the blood pressure is higher than 160/110
mm Hg, proteinuria is greater than 5 g/24 hr (3+ or more), and oliguria is present (500 mL or
less in 24 hours).
A nurse is monitoring a hospitalized client who is being treated for preeclampsia. Which
finding elicited during the assessment indicates that the condition has not yet resolved?
Type the option number that is the correct answer.
_____
Nursing Progress Notes
,Hyperreflexia is present.
Urinary protein is not detectable.
Urine output is 45 mL/hr.
Blood pressure is 128/78 mm Hg. - - correct ans- -1
Rationale: In a client with preeclampsia, deep tendon reflexes may be very brisk
(hyperreflexia) and clonus (series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and
relaxations)may be present, suggesting cerebral irritability resulting from decreased brain
circulation and edema. Hypertension, generalized edema, and proteinuria are the three
classic signs of preeclampsia. Decreased urinary output (less than 30 mL/hr) indicates poor
perfusion of the kidneys and may precede acute renal failure. Negative findings of the
urinary protein assay, urine output of 45 mL/hr, and a blood pressure of 128/78 mm Hg are
all signs that preeclampsia is resolving.
A nurse caring for a client with preeclampsia prepares for the administration of an
intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate. Which substance does the nurse ensure is
readily available?
Vitamin K
Protamine sulfate
Potassium chloride
Calcium gluconate - - correct ans- -Calcium gluconate
Rationale: Calcium gluconate should be available at the bedside of a client receiving an
intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate to reverse magnesium toxicity and prevent
respiratory arrest if the serum magnesium level becomes too high. Magnesium sulfate,
which has anticonvulsant properties, is used for a client with preeclampsia to help prevent
seizures (eclampsia). It also causes central nervous system depression, however, so toxicity is
a concern. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin sodium
(Coumadin). Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin. Potassium chloride is used to
treat potassium deficiency.
A nurse is monitoring a client receiving terbutaline by intravenous infusion to stop preterm
labor. The nurse notes that the client's heart rate is 120 beats/min and that the fetal heart
rate is 170 beats/min. What is the most appropriate action the nurse should take?
, Contact the primary health care provider
Document the findings
Continue to monitor the client
Increase the rate of the infusion - - correct ans- -Contact the primary health care provider
Rationale: Although the nurse would document the findings, the most appropriate priority
action in this scenario is to contact the primary health care provider. The nurse should
monitor the client for adverse effects and notifiy the primary health care provider if the
maternal heart rate is faster than 110 beats/min, respiration is faster than 24 breaths/min,
systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mm Hg, the fetal heart rate is faster than 160
beats/min, or the client complains of chest pain or dyspnea. Terbutaline may be used to stop
preterm labor. It stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system,
resulting in bronchodilation and inhibition of uterine muscle activity. Increasing the rate of
infusion and continuing to monitor the client are inappropriate and delay necessary
interventions.
A nurse is caring for a client who sustained a missed abortion during the second trimester of
pregnancy. For which finding indicating the need for further evaluation does the nurse
monitor the client?
Spontaneous bruising
Decrease in uterine size
Urine output of 30 mL/hr
Brownish vaginal discharge - - correct ans- -Spontaneous bruising
Rationale: A major complication of a missed abortion is disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC). Bleeding at the sites of intravenous needle insertion or laboratory blood
draws, nosebleeds, and spontaneous bruising may be early indicators of DIC; they should be
reported and require further evaluation. Missed abortion is the term used to describe when
a fetus dies during the first half of pregnancy but is retained in the uterus. When the fetus
dies, the early signs/symptoms of pregnancy (e.g., nausea, breast tenderness, urinary
frequency) disappear. The uterus stops growing and begins to shrink. Red or brownish
vaginal bleeding may or may not occur.
Complete Prep with Answer Keys, Study Strategies,
and High-Scoring
Exam Tips
A nurse provides home care instructions to a client with mild preeclampsia. What does the
nurse tell the client?
Sodium intake is restricted
Fluid intake must be limited to 1 quart (1 litres) each day
Urine output must be measured and the primary health care provider should be notified if
output is less than 500 mL in a 24-hour period
Urinary protein must be measured and the primary health care provider should be notified if
the results indicate a trace amount of protein - - correct ans- -Urine output must be
measured and the primary health care provider should be notified if output is less than 500
mL in a 24-hour period
Rationale: Urine output of less than 500 mL/24 hr should prompt the client to notify the
primary health care provider. Preeclampsia is considered mild when the diastolic blood
pressure does not exceed 100 mm Hg, proteinuria is no more than 500 mg/day (trace to 1+),
and signs/symptoms such as headache, visual disturbances, and abdominal pain are absent.
The diet should provide ample protein and calories, and fluid and sodium should not be
limited. The disease is considered severe when the blood pressure is higher than 160/110
mm Hg, proteinuria is greater than 5 g/24 hr (3+ or more), and oliguria is present (500 mL or
less in 24 hours).
A nurse is monitoring a hospitalized client who is being treated for preeclampsia. Which
finding elicited during the assessment indicates that the condition has not yet resolved?
Type the option number that is the correct answer.
_____
Nursing Progress Notes
,Hyperreflexia is present.
Urinary protein is not detectable.
Urine output is 45 mL/hr.
Blood pressure is 128/78 mm Hg. - - correct ans- -1
Rationale: In a client with preeclampsia, deep tendon reflexes may be very brisk
(hyperreflexia) and clonus (series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and
relaxations)may be present, suggesting cerebral irritability resulting from decreased brain
circulation and edema. Hypertension, generalized edema, and proteinuria are the three
classic signs of preeclampsia. Decreased urinary output (less than 30 mL/hr) indicates poor
perfusion of the kidneys and may precede acute renal failure. Negative findings of the
urinary protein assay, urine output of 45 mL/hr, and a blood pressure of 128/78 mm Hg are
all signs that preeclampsia is resolving.
A nurse caring for a client with preeclampsia prepares for the administration of an
intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate. Which substance does the nurse ensure is
readily available?
Vitamin K
Protamine sulfate
Potassium chloride
Calcium gluconate - - correct ans- -Calcium gluconate
Rationale: Calcium gluconate should be available at the bedside of a client receiving an
intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate to reverse magnesium toxicity and prevent
respiratory arrest if the serum magnesium level becomes too high. Magnesium sulfate,
which has anticonvulsant properties, is used for a client with preeclampsia to help prevent
seizures (eclampsia). It also causes central nervous system depression, however, so toxicity is
a concern. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin sodium
(Coumadin). Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin. Potassium chloride is used to
treat potassium deficiency.
A nurse is monitoring a client receiving terbutaline by intravenous infusion to stop preterm
labor. The nurse notes that the client's heart rate is 120 beats/min and that the fetal heart
rate is 170 beats/min. What is the most appropriate action the nurse should take?
, Contact the primary health care provider
Document the findings
Continue to monitor the client
Increase the rate of the infusion - - correct ans- -Contact the primary health care provider
Rationale: Although the nurse would document the findings, the most appropriate priority
action in this scenario is to contact the primary health care provider. The nurse should
monitor the client for adverse effects and notifiy the primary health care provider if the
maternal heart rate is faster than 110 beats/min, respiration is faster than 24 breaths/min,
systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mm Hg, the fetal heart rate is faster than 160
beats/min, or the client complains of chest pain or dyspnea. Terbutaline may be used to stop
preterm labor. It stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system,
resulting in bronchodilation and inhibition of uterine muscle activity. Increasing the rate of
infusion and continuing to monitor the client are inappropriate and delay necessary
interventions.
A nurse is caring for a client who sustained a missed abortion during the second trimester of
pregnancy. For which finding indicating the need for further evaluation does the nurse
monitor the client?
Spontaneous bruising
Decrease in uterine size
Urine output of 30 mL/hr
Brownish vaginal discharge - - correct ans- -Spontaneous bruising
Rationale: A major complication of a missed abortion is disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC). Bleeding at the sites of intravenous needle insertion or laboratory blood
draws, nosebleeds, and spontaneous bruising may be early indicators of DIC; they should be
reported and require further evaluation. Missed abortion is the term used to describe when
a fetus dies during the first half of pregnancy but is retained in the uterus. When the fetus
dies, the early signs/symptoms of pregnancy (e.g., nausea, breast tenderness, urinary
frequency) disappear. The uterus stops growing and begins to shrink. Red or brownish
vaginal bleeding may or may not occur.
