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MCAT Lab Techniques Questions with Detailed
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gel electrophoresis
Ans: separates DNA fragments by size
What is Electrophoresis
Ans: uses an electrical field to move DNA or RNA molecules through a
medium (gel) based on size/charge
What happens to shorter DNA fragments in electrophoresis?
Ans: Migrate through gel quicker
Which moves faster in gel electrophoresis: positively charged or
negatively charged molecules?
Ans: negatively charged molecules due to attraction to positive anode
agarose gel electrophoresis
Ans: uses agarose gel which is more effective for larger DNA molecules
Native PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)
Ans: Analyzes proteins in their native states.
Maintains protein structure and shape
Sunday, 02 March 2025
, When is it useful to use native PAGE?
Ans: When comparing molecular size/charge of proteins known to be similar
in size
SDS-PAGE electrophoresis
Ans: separates proteins based on molecular mass
-denatures proteins through addition of detergent which disrupts non-
covalent interactions
Isoelectric Focusing
Ans: separates proteins by their isoelectric point (pI); the protein migrates
toward an electrode until it reaches a region of the gel where pH=pI of the
protein
Chromatography
Ans: A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture
based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the
surface of another material.
Retention Time
Ans: amount of time a compound spends in stationary phase
in normal phase chromatography: what polarity is the stationary
phase?
Ans: polar
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