Version 1 (Questions 1–4)
Question 1
Theorist: Florence Nightingale
Which intervention best reflects Nightingale’s
environmental theory in practice?
A. Encouraging group therapy for psychiatric patients
B. Ensuring adequate lighting, ventilation, and reduced
noise in the patient’s room
C. Teaching patients about healthy sleep hygiene
D. Using hydrotherapy to reduce fever
Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale’s theory emphasizes manipulating
the environment (ventilation, light, noise reduction) to
promote healing.
Question 2
Theorist: Hildegard Peplau
A nurse helping a patient explore feelings about a new
chronic diagnosis is functioning in which Peplau phase?
A. Orientation
B. Identification
C. Exploitation
D. Resolution
Answer: B
Rationale: The identification phase involves patients
,expressing feelings and beginning to identify problems
and goals.
Question 3
Theorist: Virginia Henderson
Which of Henderson’s 14 basic needs does providing
assistance with toileting most directly address?
A. Elimination
B. Activity
C. Rest
D. Communication
Answer: A
Rationale: Elimination of body wastes is one of
Henderson’s basic physiological needs.
Question 4
Concept: Humanistic philosophy
A holistic nurse emphasizing patient autonomy and self-
actualization most aligns with which philosophical
approach?
A. Positivism
B. Humanism
C. Empiricism
D. Pragmatism
, Answer: B
Rationale: Humanism focuses on individual dignity,
autonomy, and self-actualization.
Version 2 (Questions 5–8)
Question 5
Theorist: Dorothea Orem
Which nursing diagnosis aligns with Orem’s self-care
deficit theory?
A. Impaired gas exchange related to pneumonia
B. Self-care deficit related to limited upper-extremity
mobility
C. Risk for falls related to hypotension
D. Anxiety related to impending surgery
Answer: B
Rationale: Orem’s theory focuses on identifying deficits in
self-care abilities and planning support.
Question 6
Theorist: Jean Watson
A nurse incorporates therapeutic touch and transpersonal
caring relationships. This exemplifies which of Watson’s
carative factors?
A. Faith-faith
B. Helping-trust
Question 1
Theorist: Florence Nightingale
Which intervention best reflects Nightingale’s
environmental theory in practice?
A. Encouraging group therapy for psychiatric patients
B. Ensuring adequate lighting, ventilation, and reduced
noise in the patient’s room
C. Teaching patients about healthy sleep hygiene
D. Using hydrotherapy to reduce fever
Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale’s theory emphasizes manipulating
the environment (ventilation, light, noise reduction) to
promote healing.
Question 2
Theorist: Hildegard Peplau
A nurse helping a patient explore feelings about a new
chronic diagnosis is functioning in which Peplau phase?
A. Orientation
B. Identification
C. Exploitation
D. Resolution
Answer: B
Rationale: The identification phase involves patients
,expressing feelings and beginning to identify problems
and goals.
Question 3
Theorist: Virginia Henderson
Which of Henderson’s 14 basic needs does providing
assistance with toileting most directly address?
A. Elimination
B. Activity
C. Rest
D. Communication
Answer: A
Rationale: Elimination of body wastes is one of
Henderson’s basic physiological needs.
Question 4
Concept: Humanistic philosophy
A holistic nurse emphasizing patient autonomy and self-
actualization most aligns with which philosophical
approach?
A. Positivism
B. Humanism
C. Empiricism
D. Pragmatism
, Answer: B
Rationale: Humanism focuses on individual dignity,
autonomy, and self-actualization.
Version 2 (Questions 5–8)
Question 5
Theorist: Dorothea Orem
Which nursing diagnosis aligns with Orem’s self-care
deficit theory?
A. Impaired gas exchange related to pneumonia
B. Self-care deficit related to limited upper-extremity
mobility
C. Risk for falls related to hypotension
D. Anxiety related to impending surgery
Answer: B
Rationale: Orem’s theory focuses on identifying deficits in
self-care abilities and planning support.
Question 6
Theorist: Jean Watson
A nurse incorporates therapeutic touch and transpersonal
caring relationships. This exemplifies which of Watson’s
carative factors?
A. Faith-faith
B. Helping-trust
