NUR 529 Exam 2 Questions With Complete
Solutions
epiglottis age group
2-7 years (peak 3-5 years)
Epiglottis signs
Child appears very sick and toxic
Sits with mouth open and chin thrust forward
Low-pitched stridor, difficulty swallowing, fever,
drooling, anxiety
Danger of airway obstruction and asphyxia
Epiglottis treatment
Hospitalization
Intubation or tracheotomy
Treatment with appropriate antibiotic
Epiglottis
dramatic, potentially fatal condition characterized
by inflammatory edema of the supraglottic area,
including the epiglottis and pharyngeal structures.
It comes on suddenly, bringing danger of airway
obstruction and asphyxia.
Bronchiolitis
viral infection of the lower airways usually caused
by RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus).
,Bronchiolitis age group
<2 years (most severe in infants younger than 6
months)
Bronchiolitis symptoms
Preceded by stuffy nose, causes Breathlessness,
rapid, shallow breathing, wheezing, cough, and
retractions of the lower ribs and sternum during
inspiration
Bronchiolitis treatment
Supportive treatment, possibly nebulization
therapy or intubation depending on situation
Bronchiolitis
Produces inflammatory obstruction of the small
airways and necrosis of the cells lining the lower
airways.
Most affected infants have a history of respiratory
infections. Infant can take in enough air but has
trouble exhaling it
Can lead to RF as evidenced by increased RR,
retractions or grunting,
Handwashing
Essential to prevent the spread of RSV
community-acquired pneumonia
,community-acquired pneumonia is used to
describe infections from organisms found in the
community rather than in the hospital or nursing
home. It is defined as an infection that begins
outside the hospital or is diagnosed within 48 hours
after admission to the hospital in a person who has
not resided in a long-term care facility for 14 days
or more before admission.
community acquired pneumonia
In people younger than 65 years and without
coexisting disease, diagnosis is usually based on
history and physical examination, chest
radiographs, and knowledge of the microorganisms
currently causing infections in the community.
Sputum specimens may be obtained for staining
procedures and culture. Blood cultures may be
done for people requiring hospitalization.
Pneumonia
inflammation of parenchymal structures (alveoli &
bronchioles) in the lower respiratory tract, 8th
leading cause of death in the US & most common
from infectious disease
Pneumonia
Treatment involves the use of appropriate
antibiotic therapy.13 Hospitalization and more
intensive care may be required depending on the
, person's age, preexisting health status, and
severity of the infection.
Hypoxemia
refers to a reduction in arterial blood O2 levels,
which is considered a PaO2 less than 95 mm Hg.
failure in gas exchange fxn of the lung i.e. COPD,
pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, atelectasis
(low o2)
Hypoxemia
can result from an inadequate amount of O2 in the
air, a disorder of the respiratory system,
dysfunction of the neurologic system, or alterations
in circulatory function. The mechanisms whereby
respiratory disorders lead to a significant reduction
in PO2 are hypoventilation, impaired diffusion of
gases, inadequate circulation of blood through the
pulmonary capillaries, and mismatching of
ventilation and perfusion.1,2 Often, more than one
mechanism contributes
Hypercapnia
refers to an increase in the carbon dioxide content
of the arterial blood.4 The carbon dioxide level in
the arterial blood, or PCO2, is proportional to
carbon dioxide production and inversely related to
alveolar ventilation. (increase CO2)
Solutions
epiglottis age group
2-7 years (peak 3-5 years)
Epiglottis signs
Child appears very sick and toxic
Sits with mouth open and chin thrust forward
Low-pitched stridor, difficulty swallowing, fever,
drooling, anxiety
Danger of airway obstruction and asphyxia
Epiglottis treatment
Hospitalization
Intubation or tracheotomy
Treatment with appropriate antibiotic
Epiglottis
dramatic, potentially fatal condition characterized
by inflammatory edema of the supraglottic area,
including the epiglottis and pharyngeal structures.
It comes on suddenly, bringing danger of airway
obstruction and asphyxia.
Bronchiolitis
viral infection of the lower airways usually caused
by RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus).
,Bronchiolitis age group
<2 years (most severe in infants younger than 6
months)
Bronchiolitis symptoms
Preceded by stuffy nose, causes Breathlessness,
rapid, shallow breathing, wheezing, cough, and
retractions of the lower ribs and sternum during
inspiration
Bronchiolitis treatment
Supportive treatment, possibly nebulization
therapy or intubation depending on situation
Bronchiolitis
Produces inflammatory obstruction of the small
airways and necrosis of the cells lining the lower
airways.
Most affected infants have a history of respiratory
infections. Infant can take in enough air but has
trouble exhaling it
Can lead to RF as evidenced by increased RR,
retractions or grunting,
Handwashing
Essential to prevent the spread of RSV
community-acquired pneumonia
,community-acquired pneumonia is used to
describe infections from organisms found in the
community rather than in the hospital or nursing
home. It is defined as an infection that begins
outside the hospital or is diagnosed within 48 hours
after admission to the hospital in a person who has
not resided in a long-term care facility for 14 days
or more before admission.
community acquired pneumonia
In people younger than 65 years and without
coexisting disease, diagnosis is usually based on
history and physical examination, chest
radiographs, and knowledge of the microorganisms
currently causing infections in the community.
Sputum specimens may be obtained for staining
procedures and culture. Blood cultures may be
done for people requiring hospitalization.
Pneumonia
inflammation of parenchymal structures (alveoli &
bronchioles) in the lower respiratory tract, 8th
leading cause of death in the US & most common
from infectious disease
Pneumonia
Treatment involves the use of appropriate
antibiotic therapy.13 Hospitalization and more
intensive care may be required depending on the
, person's age, preexisting health status, and
severity of the infection.
Hypoxemia
refers to a reduction in arterial blood O2 levels,
which is considered a PaO2 less than 95 mm Hg.
failure in gas exchange fxn of the lung i.e. COPD,
pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, atelectasis
(low o2)
Hypoxemia
can result from an inadequate amount of O2 in the
air, a disorder of the respiratory system,
dysfunction of the neurologic system, or alterations
in circulatory function. The mechanisms whereby
respiratory disorders lead to a significant reduction
in PO2 are hypoventilation, impaired diffusion of
gases, inadequate circulation of blood through the
pulmonary capillaries, and mismatching of
ventilation and perfusion.1,2 Often, more than one
mechanism contributes
Hypercapnia
refers to an increase in the carbon dioxide content
of the arterial blood.4 The carbon dioxide level in
the arterial blood, or PCO2, is proportional to
carbon dioxide production and inversely related to
alveolar ventilation. (increase CO2)
