WGU D333 Ethics in Technology - WGU
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cyvv28
1. acceptable use policy (AUP) A document that stipulates restrictions and practices that a
user must agree in order to use organizational computing
and network resources.
2. acceptance When an organization decides to accept a risk because the
cost of avoiding the risk outweighs the potential loss of the
risk. A decision to accept a risk can be extremely difficult
and controversial when dealing with safety-critical systems
because making that determination involves forming per-
sonal judgments about the value of human life, assessing
potential liability in case of an accident, evaluating the
potential impact on the surrounding natural environment,
and estimating the system's costs and benefits.
3. advanced persistent threat (APT) A network attack in which an intruder gains access to a net-
work and stays there—undetected—with the intention of
stealing data over a long period of time (weeks or even
months).
4. agile development A software development methodology in which a system
is developed in iterations lasting from one to four weeks.
Unlike the waterfall system development model, agile de-
velopment accepts the fact that system requirements are
evolving and cannot be fully understood or defined at the
start of the project.
5. Agreement on Trade-Related As- An agreement of the World Trade Organization that re-
pects of Intellectual Property quires member governments to ensure that intellectual
Rights (TRIPS) property rights can be enforced under their laws and that
penalties for infringement are tough enough to deter fur-
ther violations.
, WGU D333 Ethics in Technology - WGU
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cyvv28
6. American Recovery and Rein- A wide-ranging act that authorized $787 billion in spend-
vestment Act ing and tax cuts over a 10-year period and included strong
privacy provisions for electronic health records, such as
banning the sale of health information, promoting the
use of audit trails and encryption, and providing rights of
access for patients.
7. annualized loss expectancy (ALE) The estimated loss from a potential risk event over the
course of a year. The following equation is used to calculate
the annual loss expectancy: ARO × SLE = ALE. Where ARO
is the annualized rate of occurrence, an estimate of the
probability that this event will occur over the course of a
year and SLE is the single loss expectancy, the estimated
loss that would be incurred if the event happens.
8. annualized rate of occurrence An estimate of the probability that a risk event will occur
(ARO) over the course of a year.
9. anonymous expression The expression of opinions by people who do not reveal
their identity.
10. anonymous remailer service A service that allows anonymity on the Internet by using
a computer program that strips the originating header
and/or IP address from the message and then forwards
the message to its intended recipient.
11. anti-SLAPP laws Laws designed to reduce frivolous SLAPPs (strategic law-
suit against public participation (SLAPP), which is a law-
suit filed by corporations, government officials, and others
against citizens and community groups who oppose them
on matters of concern).
, WGU D333 Ethics in Technology - WGU
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cyvv28
12. antivirus software Software that scans for a specific sequence of bytes, known
as a virus signature, that indicates the presence of a spe-
cific virus.
13. artificial intelligence systems The people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and
knowledge needed to develop computer systems and ma-
chines that can simulate human intelligence processes, in-
cluding learning (the acquisition of information and rules
for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach
conclusions), and self-correction (using the outcome from
one scenario to improve its performance on future scenar-
ios).
14. audit committee A group that provides assistance to the board of directors
in fulfilling its responsibilities with respect to the oversight
of the quality and integrity of the organization's account-
ing and reporting practices and controls, including finan-
cial statements and reports; the organization's compliance
with legal and regulatory requirements; the qualifications,
independence, and performance of the company's inde-
pendent auditor; and the performance of the company's
internal audit team.
15. avoidance The elimination of a vulnerability that gives rise to a par-
ticular risk in order to avoid the risk altogether. This is
the most effective solution but often not possible due to
organizational requirements and factors beyond an orga-
nization's control.
16. Bathsheba syndrome The moral corruption of people in power, which is often
facilitated by a tendency for people to look the other way
when their leaders act inappropriately.
, WGU D333 Ethics in Technology - WGU
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cyvv28
17. best practice A method or technique that has consistently shown results
superior to those achieved with other means and that is
used as a benchmark within a particular industry.
18. Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution
that spell out additional rights of individuals.
19. black-box testing A type of dynamic testing that involves viewing the software
unit as a device that has expected input and output be-
haviors but whose internal workings are unknown (a black
box).
20. blended threat A sophisticated threat that combines the features of a virus,
worm, Trojan horse, and other malicious code into a single
payload.
21. body of knowledge An agreed-upon sets of skills and abilities that all licensed
professionals must possess.
22. botnet A large group of computers, which are controlled from
one or more remote locations by hackers, without the
knowledge or consent of their owners.
23. breach of contract The failure of one party to meet the terms of a contract.
24. breach of the duty of care The failure to act as a reasonable person would act.
25. breach of warranty When a product fails to meet the terms of its warranty.
26. bribery The act of providing money, property, or favors to someone
in business or government in order to obtain a business
advantage.
27. bring your own device (BYOD)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cyvv28
1. acceptable use policy (AUP) A document that stipulates restrictions and practices that a
user must agree in order to use organizational computing
and network resources.
2. acceptance When an organization decides to accept a risk because the
cost of avoiding the risk outweighs the potential loss of the
risk. A decision to accept a risk can be extremely difficult
and controversial when dealing with safety-critical systems
because making that determination involves forming per-
sonal judgments about the value of human life, assessing
potential liability in case of an accident, evaluating the
potential impact on the surrounding natural environment,
and estimating the system's costs and benefits.
3. advanced persistent threat (APT) A network attack in which an intruder gains access to a net-
work and stays there—undetected—with the intention of
stealing data over a long period of time (weeks or even
months).
4. agile development A software development methodology in which a system
is developed in iterations lasting from one to four weeks.
Unlike the waterfall system development model, agile de-
velopment accepts the fact that system requirements are
evolving and cannot be fully understood or defined at the
start of the project.
5. Agreement on Trade-Related As- An agreement of the World Trade Organization that re-
pects of Intellectual Property quires member governments to ensure that intellectual
Rights (TRIPS) property rights can be enforced under their laws and that
penalties for infringement are tough enough to deter fur-
ther violations.
, WGU D333 Ethics in Technology - WGU
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cyvv28
6. American Recovery and Rein- A wide-ranging act that authorized $787 billion in spend-
vestment Act ing and tax cuts over a 10-year period and included strong
privacy provisions for electronic health records, such as
banning the sale of health information, promoting the
use of audit trails and encryption, and providing rights of
access for patients.
7. annualized loss expectancy (ALE) The estimated loss from a potential risk event over the
course of a year. The following equation is used to calculate
the annual loss expectancy: ARO × SLE = ALE. Where ARO
is the annualized rate of occurrence, an estimate of the
probability that this event will occur over the course of a
year and SLE is the single loss expectancy, the estimated
loss that would be incurred if the event happens.
8. annualized rate of occurrence An estimate of the probability that a risk event will occur
(ARO) over the course of a year.
9. anonymous expression The expression of opinions by people who do not reveal
their identity.
10. anonymous remailer service A service that allows anonymity on the Internet by using
a computer program that strips the originating header
and/or IP address from the message and then forwards
the message to its intended recipient.
11. anti-SLAPP laws Laws designed to reduce frivolous SLAPPs (strategic law-
suit against public participation (SLAPP), which is a law-
suit filed by corporations, government officials, and others
against citizens and community groups who oppose them
on matters of concern).
, WGU D333 Ethics in Technology - WGU
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cyvv28
12. antivirus software Software that scans for a specific sequence of bytes, known
as a virus signature, that indicates the presence of a spe-
cific virus.
13. artificial intelligence systems The people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and
knowledge needed to develop computer systems and ma-
chines that can simulate human intelligence processes, in-
cluding learning (the acquisition of information and rules
for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach
conclusions), and self-correction (using the outcome from
one scenario to improve its performance on future scenar-
ios).
14. audit committee A group that provides assistance to the board of directors
in fulfilling its responsibilities with respect to the oversight
of the quality and integrity of the organization's account-
ing and reporting practices and controls, including finan-
cial statements and reports; the organization's compliance
with legal and regulatory requirements; the qualifications,
independence, and performance of the company's inde-
pendent auditor; and the performance of the company's
internal audit team.
15. avoidance The elimination of a vulnerability that gives rise to a par-
ticular risk in order to avoid the risk altogether. This is
the most effective solution but often not possible due to
organizational requirements and factors beyond an orga-
nization's control.
16. Bathsheba syndrome The moral corruption of people in power, which is often
facilitated by a tendency for people to look the other way
when their leaders act inappropriately.
, WGU D333 Ethics in Technology - WGU
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cyvv28
17. best practice A method or technique that has consistently shown results
superior to those achieved with other means and that is
used as a benchmark within a particular industry.
18. Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution
that spell out additional rights of individuals.
19. black-box testing A type of dynamic testing that involves viewing the software
unit as a device that has expected input and output be-
haviors but whose internal workings are unknown (a black
box).
20. blended threat A sophisticated threat that combines the features of a virus,
worm, Trojan horse, and other malicious code into a single
payload.
21. body of knowledge An agreed-upon sets of skills and abilities that all licensed
professionals must possess.
22. botnet A large group of computers, which are controlled from
one or more remote locations by hackers, without the
knowledge or consent of their owners.
23. breach of contract The failure of one party to meet the terms of a contract.
24. breach of the duty of care The failure to act as a reasonable person would act.
25. breach of warranty When a product fails to meet the terms of its warranty.
26. bribery The act of providing money, property, or favors to someone
in business or government in order to obtain a business
advantage.
27. bring your own device (BYOD)
