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BIO 116 Final Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass Miami University
What feature of dietary fiber is responsible for its role in maintain gastro-intestinal health?
a. Bonds between glucose molecules are unstable, and the digestive system can break down
the fiber with minimal energy, effort, or strain on the system.
b. Bonds between glucose molecules that cannot be broken by our digestive enzymes
c. Chains consist solely of glucose and no other monosaccharides
d. It comes from plants - ANS b. Bonds between glucose molecules that cannot be broken by
our digestive enzymes
Which of the following is NOT an example of how hydrogen bonds affect the chemistry of living
organisms?
a. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules keep the main component of cellular and
extracellular spaces liquid across all biologically relevant temperatures.
b. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the structure of nucleic acids like DNA
c. Hydrogen bonds among amino acids help dictate the secondary structure of proteins
d. The number of hydrogen bonds in fatty acids determines if triglycerides are saturated or
unsaturated. - ANS d. The number of hydrogen bonds in fatty acids determines if
triglycerides are saturated or unsaturated.
Why would water striders not be able to walk on cyclohexane the way they do on water?
a. No hydrogen bonds form among molecules of cyclohexane, so there is no surface tension
b. Non-polar molecules like cyclohexane do not exist as liquids
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, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
c. Polar molecules like cyclohexane in the liquid state do not have surface tension
d. Friction from the water striders' legs on the highly flammable cyclohexane would cause it to
ignite - ANS a. No hydrogen bonds form among molecules of cyclohexane, so there is no
surface tension
Which of the following types of bonds is the strongest?
a. Covalent
b. Hydrogen
c. Ionic
d. Organic - ANS a. Covalent
What property of unstable isotopes make them useful in medial imaging technologies?
a. Unstable isotopes break down and go away after the imaging is complete
b. Unstable isotopes break down, and must be purchased again by the patient, make more
money for the hospital
c. As the unstable isotope decay, radioactivity is released, allowing the location and movement
of the isotopes in the body to be tracked by detection equipment
d. Unstable isotope are not medically useful, only stable isotopes are used in medicine -
ANS c. As the unstable isotope decay, radioactivity is released, allowing the location and
movement of the isotopes in the body to be tracked by detection equipment
What is the primary function of triglycerides?
a. Cell communication and signaling
b. Direct source of energy
c. Energy storage
d. Structural - ANS c. Energy storage
Heat-shock proteins are proteins in cells that are expressed during times of stress, especially
thermal stress. These proteins come along other proteins to prevent them from denaturing
2
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
(unfolding), and to help them re-fold correctly. What level of protein structure do heat-shock
proteins help preserve?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quarternary - ANS c. Tertiary
Cell membranes have many proteins embedded in them. Many of these proteins project all the
the way across a cell membrane and stick out into the intracellular and extracellular spaces.
Recall that amino acids have different side groups with different basic properties. Parts of the
protein in the middle of the cell membrane are primarily made up of amino acids with...
a. Non-polar side groups
b. Polar, uncharged side groups
c. Polar, positively charged side groups
d. Polar, negatively charged side groups - ANS a. Non-polar side groups
According to the Homeoviscous Adaptation hypothesis, which of the following statements is
true about cell membranes?
a. Cells acclimated to warmer temperatures should have membranes made of phospholipids
with fewer double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder temperatures.
b. Cells acclimated to warmer temperatures should have membranes made of phosopholipids
with more double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder temperatures.
c. Cells acclimated to dry conditions should have membranes made of phosopholipids with
fewer double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder temperatures.
d. Cells acclimated to dry conditions should have membranes made of phosopholipids with
more double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder temperatures.
e. Cells acclimated to warmer temperatures should have smaller enzymes than cells acclimated
to co - ANS a. Cells acclimated to warmer temperatures should have membranes made of
phospholipids with fewer double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder
temperatures.
3
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Which of the following is NOT part of a nucleotide?
a. 5-carbon sugar
b. amino acid
c. Nitrogenous base
d. Phosphate group - ANS b. amino acid
Neurons must maintain an electrical potential across the membrane in order to be able to send
electrical nerve signals. They do this by transporting positively charged sodium ions from the
inside of the cell to the high-sodium concentration environment outside of the cell. What type
of transport does this involve?
a. Active transport
b. Bulk transport
c. Passive transport - ANS a. Active transport
A fish whose body fluids have an overall solute concentration of 300 mOsm. It lives in the
ocean, which has a concentration of about 1000 mOsm. The ocean is [hypertonic/hypertonic]
to the fish, so water diffuses [into/out of] the fish.
a. Hypertonic, into
b. Hypertonic, out of
c. Hypotonic, into
d. Hypotonic, out of - ANS b. Hypertonic, out of
Which of the following is an accurate differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a. Prokaryotic cells are larger
b. Eukaryotic cells have nuclei, prokaryotic cells do not
c. Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes, prokaryotic cells do not
d. Eukaryotic cells have DNA, prokaryotic cells do not
e. Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, eukaryotic cells do not - ANS b. Eukaryotic cells have
nuclei, prokaryotic cells do not
4
BIO 116 Final Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass Miami University
What feature of dietary fiber is responsible for its role in maintain gastro-intestinal health?
a. Bonds between glucose molecules are unstable, and the digestive system can break down
the fiber with minimal energy, effort, or strain on the system.
b. Bonds between glucose molecules that cannot be broken by our digestive enzymes
c. Chains consist solely of glucose and no other monosaccharides
d. It comes from plants - ANS b. Bonds between glucose molecules that cannot be broken by
our digestive enzymes
Which of the following is NOT an example of how hydrogen bonds affect the chemistry of living
organisms?
a. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules keep the main component of cellular and
extracellular spaces liquid across all biologically relevant temperatures.
b. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the structure of nucleic acids like DNA
c. Hydrogen bonds among amino acids help dictate the secondary structure of proteins
d. The number of hydrogen bonds in fatty acids determines if triglycerides are saturated or
unsaturated. - ANS d. The number of hydrogen bonds in fatty acids determines if
triglycerides are saturated or unsaturated.
Why would water striders not be able to walk on cyclohexane the way they do on water?
a. No hydrogen bonds form among molecules of cyclohexane, so there is no surface tension
b. Non-polar molecules like cyclohexane do not exist as liquids
1
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
c. Polar molecules like cyclohexane in the liquid state do not have surface tension
d. Friction from the water striders' legs on the highly flammable cyclohexane would cause it to
ignite - ANS a. No hydrogen bonds form among molecules of cyclohexane, so there is no
surface tension
Which of the following types of bonds is the strongest?
a. Covalent
b. Hydrogen
c. Ionic
d. Organic - ANS a. Covalent
What property of unstable isotopes make them useful in medial imaging technologies?
a. Unstable isotopes break down and go away after the imaging is complete
b. Unstable isotopes break down, and must be purchased again by the patient, make more
money for the hospital
c. As the unstable isotope decay, radioactivity is released, allowing the location and movement
of the isotopes in the body to be tracked by detection equipment
d. Unstable isotope are not medically useful, only stable isotopes are used in medicine -
ANS c. As the unstable isotope decay, radioactivity is released, allowing the location and
movement of the isotopes in the body to be tracked by detection equipment
What is the primary function of triglycerides?
a. Cell communication and signaling
b. Direct source of energy
c. Energy storage
d. Structural - ANS c. Energy storage
Heat-shock proteins are proteins in cells that are expressed during times of stress, especially
thermal stress. These proteins come along other proteins to prevent them from denaturing
2
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
(unfolding), and to help them re-fold correctly. What level of protein structure do heat-shock
proteins help preserve?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quarternary - ANS c. Tertiary
Cell membranes have many proteins embedded in them. Many of these proteins project all the
the way across a cell membrane and stick out into the intracellular and extracellular spaces.
Recall that amino acids have different side groups with different basic properties. Parts of the
protein in the middle of the cell membrane are primarily made up of amino acids with...
a. Non-polar side groups
b. Polar, uncharged side groups
c. Polar, positively charged side groups
d. Polar, negatively charged side groups - ANS a. Non-polar side groups
According to the Homeoviscous Adaptation hypothesis, which of the following statements is
true about cell membranes?
a. Cells acclimated to warmer temperatures should have membranes made of phospholipids
with fewer double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder temperatures.
b. Cells acclimated to warmer temperatures should have membranes made of phosopholipids
with more double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder temperatures.
c. Cells acclimated to dry conditions should have membranes made of phosopholipids with
fewer double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder temperatures.
d. Cells acclimated to dry conditions should have membranes made of phosopholipids with
more double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder temperatures.
e. Cells acclimated to warmer temperatures should have smaller enzymes than cells acclimated
to co - ANS a. Cells acclimated to warmer temperatures should have membranes made of
phospholipids with fewer double bonds in the fatty acid tails than cells acclimated to colder
temperatures.
3
, ©JASONMcCONNELL 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Which of the following is NOT part of a nucleotide?
a. 5-carbon sugar
b. amino acid
c. Nitrogenous base
d. Phosphate group - ANS b. amino acid
Neurons must maintain an electrical potential across the membrane in order to be able to send
electrical nerve signals. They do this by transporting positively charged sodium ions from the
inside of the cell to the high-sodium concentration environment outside of the cell. What type
of transport does this involve?
a. Active transport
b. Bulk transport
c. Passive transport - ANS a. Active transport
A fish whose body fluids have an overall solute concentration of 300 mOsm. It lives in the
ocean, which has a concentration of about 1000 mOsm. The ocean is [hypertonic/hypertonic]
to the fish, so water diffuses [into/out of] the fish.
a. Hypertonic, into
b. Hypertonic, out of
c. Hypotonic, into
d. Hypotonic, out of - ANS b. Hypertonic, out of
Which of the following is an accurate differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a. Prokaryotic cells are larger
b. Eukaryotic cells have nuclei, prokaryotic cells do not
c. Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes, prokaryotic cells do not
d. Eukaryotic cells have DNA, prokaryotic cells do not
e. Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, eukaryotic cells do not - ANS b. Eukaryotic cells have
nuclei, prokaryotic cells do not
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