BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Which of the following is NOT found in DNA?
A) Guanine
B) Cytosine
C) Adenine
D) Deoxyribose
E) Ribose - ANSWER-E) Ribose
The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can
logically assume all of the following EXCEPT
A) a gene from an organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
B) all organisms have ancestors in common.
C) DNA must have been the first genetic material.
D) the same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino
acids.
E) different organisms have the same (or analogous) 20 types of amino acids. -
ANSWER-C) DNA must have been the first genetic material
From the diagram above, if end product E allosterically inhibits enzyme 2, a buildup
of E in the cell will result in?
A) reduced production of G.
B) reduced production of E.
C) increased production of C.
D) answers A and B are both correct.
E) all of the above are correct. - ANSWER-D) Answers A and B are both correct
The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
A) substrate-level phosphorylation.
B) electron transport.
C) photophosphorylation.
D) chemiosmosis.
E) oxidation of NADH to NAD+. - ANSWER-A) substrate-level phosphorylation
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large
molecules into smaller ones?
A) phosphorylation
B) metabolism
C) anabolism
D) dehydration
E) catabolism - ANSWER-E) catabolism
If ΔG of a chemical reaction is negative, you can conclude that it...
A) requires energy.
B) is exergonic.
, C) is endergonic.
D) will not reach equilibrium.
E) has no effect on the disorder in the system. - ANSWER-B) is exergonic
Which of the following could denature an enzyme?
A) high temperature
B) changes in pH.
C) an allosteric regulator
D) answers A and B are correct
E) all of the above are correct - ANSWER-D) answers A and B are correct
An allosteric regulator
A) decreases the concentration of the enzyme.
B) changes the shape of an substrate.
C) increases the concentration of a product.
D) changes the shape of an enzyme (the shape of its active site).
E) increases the concentration of an enzyme-substrate complex. - ANSWER-D)
changes the shape of an enzyme (the shape of its active site).
Which of the following solutions has the least(lowest) concentration of hydrogen ions
[H+]?
A) gastric juice at pH 2
B) vinegar at pH 3
C) tomato juice at pH 4
D) black coffee at pH 5
E) household oven cleaner at pH 12 - ANSWER-E) household oven cleaner at pH 12
What is a phospholipid?
A) a protein with tertiary structure
B) a lipid made with two fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate head group.
C) a lipid that makes up much of the cytosol
D) a molecule formed from three alcohols by dehydration reactions
E) a carbohydrate with three sugars joined together by glycosidic linkages -
ANSWER-B) a lipid made with two fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate head group
Proteins that function as biological catalysts are
A) feedback activators.
B) feedback inhibitors.
C) enzymes.
D) metabolites.
E) nutrients. - ANSWER-C) enzymes
The quaternary structure of a protein is
A) not necessary for biological activity.
B) the order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain.
C) the unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
D) the organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet.
E) the overall protein structure resulting from the association of two or more
polypeptide subunits with an inorganic cofactor - ANSWER-E) the overall protein
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Which of the following is NOT found in DNA?
A) Guanine
B) Cytosine
C) Adenine
D) Deoxyribose
E) Ribose - ANSWER-E) Ribose
The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can
logically assume all of the following EXCEPT
A) a gene from an organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
B) all organisms have ancestors in common.
C) DNA must have been the first genetic material.
D) the same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino
acids.
E) different organisms have the same (or analogous) 20 types of amino acids. -
ANSWER-C) DNA must have been the first genetic material
From the diagram above, if end product E allosterically inhibits enzyme 2, a buildup
of E in the cell will result in?
A) reduced production of G.
B) reduced production of E.
C) increased production of C.
D) answers A and B are both correct.
E) all of the above are correct. - ANSWER-D) Answers A and B are both correct
The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
A) substrate-level phosphorylation.
B) electron transport.
C) photophosphorylation.
D) chemiosmosis.
E) oxidation of NADH to NAD+. - ANSWER-A) substrate-level phosphorylation
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large
molecules into smaller ones?
A) phosphorylation
B) metabolism
C) anabolism
D) dehydration
E) catabolism - ANSWER-E) catabolism
If ΔG of a chemical reaction is negative, you can conclude that it...
A) requires energy.
B) is exergonic.
, C) is endergonic.
D) will not reach equilibrium.
E) has no effect on the disorder in the system. - ANSWER-B) is exergonic
Which of the following could denature an enzyme?
A) high temperature
B) changes in pH.
C) an allosteric regulator
D) answers A and B are correct
E) all of the above are correct - ANSWER-D) answers A and B are correct
An allosteric regulator
A) decreases the concentration of the enzyme.
B) changes the shape of an substrate.
C) increases the concentration of a product.
D) changes the shape of an enzyme (the shape of its active site).
E) increases the concentration of an enzyme-substrate complex. - ANSWER-D)
changes the shape of an enzyme (the shape of its active site).
Which of the following solutions has the least(lowest) concentration of hydrogen ions
[H+]?
A) gastric juice at pH 2
B) vinegar at pH 3
C) tomato juice at pH 4
D) black coffee at pH 5
E) household oven cleaner at pH 12 - ANSWER-E) household oven cleaner at pH 12
What is a phospholipid?
A) a protein with tertiary structure
B) a lipid made with two fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate head group.
C) a lipid that makes up much of the cytosol
D) a molecule formed from three alcohols by dehydration reactions
E) a carbohydrate with three sugars joined together by glycosidic linkages -
ANSWER-B) a lipid made with two fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate head group
Proteins that function as biological catalysts are
A) feedback activators.
B) feedback inhibitors.
C) enzymes.
D) metabolites.
E) nutrients. - ANSWER-C) enzymes
The quaternary structure of a protein is
A) not necessary for biological activity.
B) the order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain.
C) the unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
D) the organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet.
E) the overall protein structure resulting from the association of two or more
polypeptide subunits with an inorganic cofactor - ANSWER-E) the overall protein
