ANW 8000 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the vestibule? - ANSWER The cleft between the labia minor and behind the
clitoris
Surrounds/ contains the opening to the vagina and the opening of the urethra
Also contains vestibular, Bartholin and Skene glands
Importance of the Sacroiliac joint - ANSWER Lies between the sacrum and ilium
The weight of the body is transmitted through the SI joint to the pelvis and then to the
lower limbs
Importance of the Sacrococcygeal joint - ANSWER Hinge between 5th sacral and 1st
coccygeal vertebrae
Allows both flexion and extension
Extension increases the AP diameter of the outlet, important during parturition
Which hormones cause increased flexibility of the SI joint and symphysis pubis? -
ANSWER progesterone and relaxin
When does sexual dimorphism of the pelvis occur? - ANSWER Puberty
-female pelvis develops when their are no gonads; ovaries and estrogen not necessary
-male pelvis develops with the presence of testes that are producing androgen
What are the muscles of the pelvic floor? - ANSWER levator ani and the coccygeus
What structure divides the true and false pelvis? - ANSWER linea terminalis
What nerve innervates the lower birth canal, perineum, vuvla, levator ani, and rectal
sphincter? - ANSWER Pudenal nerve
originates from S1, S2, and S4
What perfuses the perineum? - ANSWER Pudenal artery
What are the conjugates that make up the pelvic inlet? - ANSWER Anatomic conjugate
Obstetric conjugate
Diagonal conjugate
,What are the average measurements of the conjugates of the pelvic inlet? - ANSWER
Anatomic- 11.5 cm
Obstetric- 11 cm
Diagonal- 12.5 cm
Which conjugate of the pelvic inlet can be measured manually? - ANSWER Diagonal
conjugate
How to calculate the obstetric conjugate? - ANSWER Subtract 1.5 cm from the
measurement of the diagonal conjugate
What is the clinical significance of the obstetric conjugate? - ANSWER narrowed
dimension through which the fetal head must pass
What is the clinical significance of the diagonal conjugate? - ANSWER it is the widest
dimension and the only that can be manually measured
What are the measurements of the pelvic mid plane? - ANSWER Intraspinous diameter-
10 cm
AP diameter- 12 cm
Transverse diameter- 10 cm
Gynecoid pelvis - ANSWER female, round shaped
incidence- 50%
good uterine functions, complete internal rotation, reduced perineal tears
Android pelvis - ANSWER male, heart shaped
incidence- 20%
poor prognoses for vaginal birth
deep transverse arrest, failure of rotation, major perineal tears
Anthropoid pelvis - ANSWER apelike, oval shaped
incidence- 25%
long AP diameter, good prognosis
easy delivery
birth face to pubis common
Platypelloid pelvis - ANSWER Flat, female pelvis
, incidence- 5%
poor prognosis for vaginal birth
fetal head engages in transverse diameter
labor delay in inlet
How are pelvis types classified? - ANSWER by the posterior component of the pelvic
outlet
Lie - ANSWER relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother
Presentation - ANSWER the part of the fetus that lies over the inlet
Three main presentations are:
cephalic (head first)
breech (pelvis first)
shoulder
Presenting part - ANSWER the most dependent part of the fetus, lying nearest the cervix
-on examination- it is the area with which the finger makes contact first
Attitude - ANSWER relationship of fetal parts to each other
-flexion- chin to chest; typical attitude
Denominator - ANSWER presenting part used in describing position
Position - ANSWER relationship of the denominator to the front, back, or sides of the
maternal pelvis
Function of the ovary - ANSWER release ovum/ egg
produce estrogen and progesterone
3 ligament that connect with the ovary - ANSWER the broad ligament
the utero-ovarian ligament
the suspensory ligament
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the vestibule? - ANSWER The cleft between the labia minor and behind the
clitoris
Surrounds/ contains the opening to the vagina and the opening of the urethra
Also contains vestibular, Bartholin and Skene glands
Importance of the Sacroiliac joint - ANSWER Lies between the sacrum and ilium
The weight of the body is transmitted through the SI joint to the pelvis and then to the
lower limbs
Importance of the Sacrococcygeal joint - ANSWER Hinge between 5th sacral and 1st
coccygeal vertebrae
Allows both flexion and extension
Extension increases the AP diameter of the outlet, important during parturition
Which hormones cause increased flexibility of the SI joint and symphysis pubis? -
ANSWER progesterone and relaxin
When does sexual dimorphism of the pelvis occur? - ANSWER Puberty
-female pelvis develops when their are no gonads; ovaries and estrogen not necessary
-male pelvis develops with the presence of testes that are producing androgen
What are the muscles of the pelvic floor? - ANSWER levator ani and the coccygeus
What structure divides the true and false pelvis? - ANSWER linea terminalis
What nerve innervates the lower birth canal, perineum, vuvla, levator ani, and rectal
sphincter? - ANSWER Pudenal nerve
originates from S1, S2, and S4
What perfuses the perineum? - ANSWER Pudenal artery
What are the conjugates that make up the pelvic inlet? - ANSWER Anatomic conjugate
Obstetric conjugate
Diagonal conjugate
,What are the average measurements of the conjugates of the pelvic inlet? - ANSWER
Anatomic- 11.5 cm
Obstetric- 11 cm
Diagonal- 12.5 cm
Which conjugate of the pelvic inlet can be measured manually? - ANSWER Diagonal
conjugate
How to calculate the obstetric conjugate? - ANSWER Subtract 1.5 cm from the
measurement of the diagonal conjugate
What is the clinical significance of the obstetric conjugate? - ANSWER narrowed
dimension through which the fetal head must pass
What is the clinical significance of the diagonal conjugate? - ANSWER it is the widest
dimension and the only that can be manually measured
What are the measurements of the pelvic mid plane? - ANSWER Intraspinous diameter-
10 cm
AP diameter- 12 cm
Transverse diameter- 10 cm
Gynecoid pelvis - ANSWER female, round shaped
incidence- 50%
good uterine functions, complete internal rotation, reduced perineal tears
Android pelvis - ANSWER male, heart shaped
incidence- 20%
poor prognoses for vaginal birth
deep transverse arrest, failure of rotation, major perineal tears
Anthropoid pelvis - ANSWER apelike, oval shaped
incidence- 25%
long AP diameter, good prognosis
easy delivery
birth face to pubis common
Platypelloid pelvis - ANSWER Flat, female pelvis
, incidence- 5%
poor prognosis for vaginal birth
fetal head engages in transverse diameter
labor delay in inlet
How are pelvis types classified? - ANSWER by the posterior component of the pelvic
outlet
Lie - ANSWER relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother
Presentation - ANSWER the part of the fetus that lies over the inlet
Three main presentations are:
cephalic (head first)
breech (pelvis first)
shoulder
Presenting part - ANSWER the most dependent part of the fetus, lying nearest the cervix
-on examination- it is the area with which the finger makes contact first
Attitude - ANSWER relationship of fetal parts to each other
-flexion- chin to chest; typical attitude
Denominator - ANSWER presenting part used in describing position
Position - ANSWER relationship of the denominator to the front, back, or sides of the
maternal pelvis
Function of the ovary - ANSWER release ovum/ egg
produce estrogen and progesterone
3 ligament that connect with the ovary - ANSWER the broad ligament
the utero-ovarian ligament
the suspensory ligament
