Psychology - Memory
1. Definition of Memory
Memory is the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information.
2. Stages of Memory
a. Encoding
Transforming sensory input into a form the brain can store.
Types: Visual, Acoustic, Semantic
b. Storage
Maintaining information over time.
Types of storage: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory (STM), Long-Term Memory
(LTM)
c. Retrieval
Accessing stored information when needed.
3. Types of Memory
a. Sensory Memory
Very brief (less than a second for visual, 3–4 seconds for auditory)
Example: Iconic (visual) and Echoic (auditory) memory
b. Short-Term Memory (STM)
Duration: 15–30 seconds
Capacity: 7 ± 2 items (Miller, 1956)
Improved by chunking and rehearsal
c. Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Potentially unlimited capacity and duration
Subtypes:
- Explicit (Declarative): Semantic (facts) & Episodic (events)
- Implicit (Non-declarative): Procedural memory, Priming, Conditioning
1. Definition of Memory
Memory is the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information.
2. Stages of Memory
a. Encoding
Transforming sensory input into a form the brain can store.
Types: Visual, Acoustic, Semantic
b. Storage
Maintaining information over time.
Types of storage: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory (STM), Long-Term Memory
(LTM)
c. Retrieval
Accessing stored information when needed.
3. Types of Memory
a. Sensory Memory
Very brief (less than a second for visual, 3–4 seconds for auditory)
Example: Iconic (visual) and Echoic (auditory) memory
b. Short-Term Memory (STM)
Duration: 15–30 seconds
Capacity: 7 ± 2 items (Miller, 1956)
Improved by chunking and rehearsal
c. Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Potentially unlimited capacity and duration
Subtypes:
- Explicit (Declarative): Semantic (facts) & Episodic (events)
- Implicit (Non-declarative): Procedural memory, Priming, Conditioning
